隧道火灾烟气运动的数值模拟  

Numerical simulation of smoke movement in tunnel fire

作　　者：韩学斌[1] 陈东梁[1,2] 刘娅 张东胜[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京化工大学机电工程学院,北京100029 [2]中国科学技术大学火灾科学国家重点实验室,安徽合肥230026 [3]河南省驻马店供电公司,河南驻马店463000

出　　处：《消防科学与技术》2011年第4期277-279,共3页Fire Science and Technology

基　　金：火灾科学国家重点实验室开放课题"石墨烯阻燃聚丙烯的作用规律及机理的研究"(HZ2010-KF09);北京化工大学青年教师科学研究基金"甲烷-空气预混气体火焰加速传播中微细结构的研究"(QN0807);河南省煤矿瓦斯与火灾防治重点实验室开放基金"瓦斯/煤尘复合体系燃烧特性及火焰结构的实验研究"(HKLGF200802)

摘　　要：对不同入口风速和隧道高宽比情况下隧道内的烟气运动进行模拟,分析隧道内的烟气分布情况。结果表明:随着入口风速的增大,隧道内整体的烟气浓度会逐渐降低。入口风速过大,加强了气流的湍流程度,使烟气层较早降至路面,隧道断面提前充满烟气,使火源附近近地面处的烟气浓度过高。当入口风速较小时,火源上部的部分烟气会逆着风向流动,产生回流现象,所研究工况下烟气不发生回流的临界入口风速为2.2 m/s左右。横截面积相同的情况下,隧道高宽比越小,烟气上升高度越高,隧道下部烟气量越少,利于救援和人员疏散。In order to analyze the gas distribution in the tunnel,we made numerical simulation of smoke movement in the case of different inlet velocities and different height-width ratios.The results showed that： the overall concentration in the tunnel will be lower along with the increase of inlet velocity.However,excessive inlet velocity increases turbulent extent which makes smoke layer get down to the road surface earlier.So that the smoke concentration above the ground that near fire source is higher.When inlet velocity is lower,part of the smoke on the top of the tunnel will flow against the wind that makes the gas backflow.Under the conditions in this paper,the critical inlet velocity which makes backflow nonoccurrence is about 2.2 m/s.Under the condition of the same cross sectional area,the smaller the height-width ratio of the tunnel is,the higher the smoke will rise so that the gas concentration will be lower at the bottom which is advantageous to rescue.

关 键 词：隧道火灾 烟气运动 入口风速 数值模拟 

分 类 号：X913.4[环境科学与工程—安全科学] TK121[动力工程及工程热物理—工程热物理]