吉林省不同年代育成水稻品种上三叶光合特性的变化  

Changes of Photosynthetic Characteristics in Top Three Leaves of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars Released in Different Years in Jilin Province

作　　者：姜楠[1] 邸玉婷[1] 徐克章[1] 赵国臣[1,2] 凌凤楼[1] 武志海[1] 张治安[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学农学院,吉林长春130118 [2]吉林省农业科学院水稻研究所,吉林长春130124

出　　处：《作物学报》2011年第4期703-710,共8页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：吉林省科学技术厅重点项目(20080201);农业部跨越计划项目(200754)资助

摘　　要：为了解不同年代育成水稻品种上三叶光合特性的变化及其与产量的关系,以吉林省1958—2005年间育成的33个水稻品种为材料,研究了植株上三叶净光合速率(Pn)、光合能力及叶源量的变化。结果表明,抽穗期剑叶的Pn、光合能力和叶源量对植株的光合能力贡献最大,占单株总光合能力的42.45%,倒二叶占28.27%,倒三叶占15.69%。剑叶Pn、光合能力和叶源量的增加最小,倒二叶次之,倒三叶最大。相关分析表明,倒三叶的Pn、光合能力和叶源量与育成年代和产量呈显著正相关,剑叶和倒二叶的Pn、光合能力和叶源量与育成年代和产量的关系并没有达到显著水平。吉林省47年来水稻品种产量的遗传改良显著提高了植株倒三叶光合能力,但对剑叶光合能力的影响并不大。In order to understand the changes of photosynthetic characteristics in top three leaves and its relationship with yield in the genetic improvement of rice, 33 typical japonica rice cultivars released from 1958 to 2005 were planted under field conditions. to determine net photosynthetic rate （Pn）, photosynthetic capacity and leaf sources capacity （LSC） after heading stage. The result indicated that the Pn, photosynthetic capacity and LSC of flag-leaf at heading had the most contribution to plant photosynthetic capacity, which was account to 42.45%, followed by those of top 2nd leaf with 28.27% and those of top 3rd leaf with 15.69%. While, within 47 years genetic improvement of rice cultivars, the increase of Pn, photosynthetic capacity and LSC of the top 3rd leaf were the maximum, and those of flag-leaf was the minimum. The correlations of Pn, photosynthetic capacity and LSC of flag-leaf and top 2nd leaf with yield were not obvious enough to reach significant level after heading. The Pn of top 3rd leaf and the photosynthetic capacity of plant were significant positive correlation with yield at heading and 10 days after heading. The photosynthetic capacity and LSC of top 3rd leaf were highly significant positive correlation with yield after heading, and those of flag-leaf and top 2nd leaf were not. Our studies indicate that the significant increase of Pn, photosynthetic capacity and LSC in the top 3rd leaf is mainly resulted from the yield genetic improvement of rice cultivars for 47 years in Jilin province, but there has been no obvious change in photosynthetic capacity of flag-leaf.

关 键 词：水稻 遗传改良 上三叶 光合能力 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]