长江流域油菜氮磷钾肥料利用率现状研究  

Status of Nutrient Use Efficiencies of Rapeseed in the Yangtze River Basin

作　　者：邹娟[1] 鲁剑巍[1] 陈防[2] 李银水[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学资源与环境学院,湖北武汉430070 [2]中国科学院武汉研究所/武汉植物园,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《作物学报》2011年第4期729-734,共6页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目(2008BADA4B08);国家现代农业(油菜)产业技术体系专项经费资助项目(nycytx-005);教育部新世纪人才项目(NCET-07-0345);国际植物营养研究所(IPNI)合作项目(Hubei-35)资助

摘　　要：总结近年来在长江流域冬油菜主产区进行的74个田间试验结果,分析目前条件下油菜氮磷钾肥的偏生产力、农学效率、肥料表观利用率、生理效率及肥料对油菜产量的贡献率。结果表明,油菜农学效率分别为6.2kgkg-1N、6.3kgkg-1P2O5和2.6kgkg-1K2O;表观利用率为N34.0%、P2O517.4%和K2O36.9%,生理利用率为18.5kgkg-1N、35.5kgkg-1P2O5和9.1kgkg-1K2O,氮磷钾肥对油菜籽产量的贡献率分别为41.9%、21.4%和11.5%。研究结果显示,试验条件下长江流域油菜的肥料利用率较低,生产上需同时解决油菜高产及肥料利用效率提高的问题。Nutrient use efficiency is an important index not only for fertilizer recommendation on the field scale but also for forecasting fertilizer demand on the regional and national scales, however, exact nutrient use efficiencies of rapeseed in the Yangtze River Basin have not been well known yet. In this paper, data from 74 field experiments were collected and used for analysis and evaluation of partial factor productivity （PFP）, agronomic efficiency （AE）, apparent recovery efficiency （RE）, physiological efficiency （PE）, and fertilizer contribution index of rapseed. The results indicated that AE averaged 6.2 kg kg-1 N, 6.3 kg kg-1 P2O5, and 2.6 kg kg-1 K2O, respectively. RE averaged N 34.0%, P2O5 17.4%, and K2O 36.9%, respectively. The averages of PE were 18.5 kg kg-1 N, 35.5 kg kg-1 P2O5, and 9.1 kg kg-1 K2O. The contribution of N, P and K fertilizer to rapeseed yield was 41.9%, 21.4%, and 11.5%, respectively. It was concluded that nutrient use efficiencies of rapeseed in the Yangtze River Basin were low. Thus, rapeseed yield and nutrient use efficiencies should be improved simultaneously to ensure sustainability for rapeseed production.

关 键 词：油菜 肥料利用率 氮 磷 钾 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]