氮肥运筹对农大108产量、氮肥利用率及土壤氮素平衡的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Management on Grain Yield,Fertilizer Use Efficiency and Nitrogen Balance of Nongda108

作　　者：王秀斌[1] 裴雪霞[1] 夏文建[1] 刘文娜[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业部作物营养与施肥重点开放实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《玉米科学》2011年第2期114-118,共5页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2006BAD25B01);国家重点基础研究发展计划(2007CB109307);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项

摘　　要：以农大108为试材,通过田间试验研究不同氮肥运筹方式对春玉米干物质积累、子粒产量、氮肥利用率及土壤氮素平衡的影响。结果表明,氮肥不同运筹方式增产效果差异显著,其中,1/3氮肥底施、2/3氮肥两次追肥(N3)处理增产效果最好,其次是1/4氮肥底施、3/4氮肥3次追肥(N4)处理,氮肥全部作底肥(N1)处理增产效果最小。分次施肥有利于子粒粗蛋白含量、子粒蛋白质产量以及氮肥利用率的提高;随着施肥次数的增加,子粒粗蛋白含量、子粒蛋白质产量以及氮肥利用率均呈上升趋势,以N4处理最佳,其次是N3处理。氮肥不同运筹方式氮素表观损失量差异显著,N1处理其表观损失量最高,N3处理最低。因此,N3处理有效促进了植株对氮素的吸收利用,显著增加了产量和子粒蛋白质产量,降低了氮素表观损失量,是最佳氮肥运筹方式。The adopted maize variation was Nongda108.Dry matters accumulation,the grain yield,fertilizer use efficiency,and soil N balance under different nitrogen application management were investigated.Results showed that the difference of increasing grain yield were significant under the different nitrogen applications,among them the effect of N3 was the highest,then that of N4,the effect of N1 was the lowest.Nitrogen fertilization more than one time was in favor of the grain protein concentration,grain protein yield,and N use efficiency increase,which were got with fertilization time increase,among those treatments,N4 was better than N3,nitrogen apparent loss had significantly different under different nitrogen application,among them apparent loss of N3 was the lowest,then that of N4,apparent loss of N1 was the highest.Thus,N3 was the optimized treatment in that it could accumulate most nitrogen in plant,had significant increase effect in grain yield and grain protein yield,and could reduce nitrogen apparent loss during spring maize growing season.

关 键 词：玉米 氮肥运筹 干物质积累 氮肥利用率 

分 类 号：S513.062[农业科学—作物学]