不同土壤水分对滴灌春小麦生长·干物质积累与分配的影响  

Influence of Different Soil Water on the Growth,Dry Matter Accumulation and Distribution of Trickle-irrigation Spring Wheat

作　　者：高山[1] 王冀川[1] 徐雅丽[1] 韩秀峰[1] 徐翠莲[1] 

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学植物科学学院,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2011年第9期5151-5153,5240,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30960188);新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室开放课题(200803)

摘　　要：[目的]为春小麦节水栽培提供理论依据。[方法]以春小麦品种新春22为供试材料,设置3种不同的控水处理(亏缺滴灌、适量滴灌和充分滴灌),研究不同土壤水分条件下小麦产量和干物质的积累与分配特性。[结果]春小麦地上部干物质积累呈"S"型曲线变化,增长速率高峰期出现在挑旗期,直线增长期出现在拔节-抽穗期。土壤水分亏缺造成小麦总干物质积累缓慢,个体营养体弱小,干物质分配以茎秆为中心;土壤水分过量造成小麦营养生长过旺,茎秆和穗部发育不良,产量降低;适量土壤水分处理小麦个体生长稳健,营养生长和生殖生长协调,产量结构优化,水分利用效率(WUE)较高。[结论]适量滴灌可协调小麦营养生长与生殖生长的关系,促进小麦增产。[Objective] The purpose was to provide theoretical foundation for water-saving culture of spring wheat.[Method] With the spring wheat variety Xinchun22 as tested material,3 different water control treatments of deficient,suitable and sufficient trickle irrigations were arranged for studying the wheat yield and the characteristics of dry matter accumulation and distribution in wheat under different soil water conditions.[Result] The dry matter accumulation in the aerial part of spring wheat was changing in S-type curve,its peak period of increase velocity appeared in Flag leaf stage and its linear increase period appeared in jointing-heading stage.The deficiency of soil water resulted in that the total dry matter accumulation of wheat was slow,the individual vegetation was small and weak and its straw was center of dry matter distribution;the excessive soil water resulted in that the vegetable growth of wheat was too vigorous,its straw and head were hypogenetic and its yield was decreased;the growth of individual wheat treated with suitabe soil water was stable and steady,its vegetable growth and reproductive growth were concerted,its yield structure was optimized and its water utilization efficiency（WUE） was higher.[Conclusion] Suitable trickle irrigation could be used to concert the relationship between vegetable growth and reproductive growth of wheat and promote the wheat yield to increase.

关 键 词：春小麦 土壤水分 干物质分配 产量 滴灌 

分 类 号：S512.12[农业科学—作物学] S275.6