An experimental investigation into electromyography, constitutive relationship and morphology of crucian carp for biomechanical “digital fish”  

作　　者：ZHOU Meng YIN XieZhen TONG BingGang 

机构地区：[1]Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China [2]The Lab for Biomechanics of Animal Locomotion, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

出　　处：《Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)》2011年第5期966-977,共12页中国科学：物理学、力学、天文学（英文版）

基　　金：supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10832010);the Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KJCX2-YW-L05)

摘　　要：Currently, the integrated biomechanical studies on fish locomotion come into focus, so it is urgent to provide reliable and sys- tematic experimental results, and to establish a biomechanical ＂digital fish＂ database for some typical fish species. Accord- ingly, based on the control framework of ＂Neural Control - Active Contraction of Muscle - Passive Deformation＂, the elec- tromyography （EMG） signals, the mechanical properties and the constitutive relationship of skin, muscle, and body trunk, as well as morphological parameters of crucian carp, are investigated with experiments, from which a simplified database of bio- mechanical ＂digital fish＂ is established. First, the EMG signals from three lateral superficial red muscles of crucian carp, which was evolving in the C-start movement, were acquired with a self-designing amplifier. The modes of muscle activity were also investigated. Secondly, the Young＇s modulus and the reduced relaxation function of crucian carp＇s skin and muscle were de- termined by failure tests and relaxation tests in uniaxial tensile ways, respectively. Viscoelastic models were adopted to deduce the constitutive relationship. The mechanical properties and the angular stiffness of different sites on the crucian carp＇s body trunk were obtained with dynamic bending experiments, where a self-designing dynamic bending test machine was employed. The conclusion was drawn regarding the body trunk of crucian carp under dynamic bending deformation as an approximate elastomer. According to the above experimental results, a possible benefit of body effective stiffness increasing with a little energy dissipation was discussed. Thirdly, the distribution of geometric parameters and weight parameters for a single experi- mental individual and multiple individuals of crucian carp was studied with experiments. Finally, considering all the above re- suits, generic experimental data were obtained by normalization, and a preliminary biomechanical ＂digital fish＂ database for crucian carpCurrently, the integrated biomechanical studies on fish locomotion come into focus, so it is urgent to provide reliable and systematic experimental results, and to establish a biomechanical "digital fish" database for some typical fish species. Accordingly, based on the control framework of "Neural ControlActive Contraction of MusclePassive Deformation", the electromyography (EMG) signals, the mechanical properties and the constitutive relationship of skin, muscle, and body trunk, as well as morphological parameters of crucian carp, are investigated with experiments, from which a simplified database of biomechanical "digital fish" is established. First, the EMG signals from three lateral superficial red muscles of crucian carp, which was evolving in the C-start movement, were acquired with a self-designing amplifier. The modes of muscle activity were also investigated. Secondly, the Young's modulus and the reduced relaxation function of crucian carp's skin and muscle were determined by failure tests and relaxation tests in uniaxial tensile ways, respectively. Viscoelastic models were adopted to deduce the constitutive relationship. The mechanical properties and the angular stiffness of different sites on the crucian carp's body trunk were obtained with dynamic bending experiments, where a self-designing dynamic bending test machine was employed. The conclusion was drawn regarding the body trunk of crucian carp under dynamic bending deformation as an approximate elastomer. According to the above experimental results, a possible benefit of body effective stiffness increasing with a little energy dissipation was discussed. Thirdly, the distribution of geometric parameters and weight parameters for a single experimental individual and multiple individuals of crucian carp was studied with experiments. Finally, considering all the above results, generic experimental data were obtained by normalization, and a preliminary biomechanical "digital fish" database for crucian carp was established.

关 键 词：crucian carp （Carassius auratus） ＂digital fish＂ experimental investigation electromyography （EMG） signal material mechanical property MORPHOLOGY 

分 类 号：TP13[自动化与计算机技术—控制理论与控制工程] G804.6[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程]