基于言语行为理论的叙事研究  

A "Speech Act" Approach to Narrative

作　　者：袁伟[1] 张宏[1] 

机构地区：[1]徐州师范大学语言科学学院,江苏徐州221009

出　　处：《徐州师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2011年第2期64-67,共4页Journal of Xuzhou Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：叙事本质上是一种复杂而特殊的言语行为系统。叙事行为包括真实世界的与虚拟世界的,即作者对读者实施的言语行为与作品中人物之间实施的言语行为。对应于言语行为三分法,叙事也可分为三个相对应的行为:(1)它通过口头或书面形式向读者、作品内人物的听者表达了一系列叙事命题,这可视为双重性言内行为;(2)它表达出了叙事人(包括作品内人物的言者)的深层交际意图,这可视为双重性言外行为;(3)它是作者和读者、作品内人物之间的双重性的双方互动过程,能够引起读者、作品内人物的听者的情感共鸣,这可视为双重性言后行为。叙事形式可分为对白、独白和旁白三种,每种形式的言语行为分析图式各不相同。作为一个系统,叙事是由一个个微观言语行为组成的行为序列,在序列中起统领性作用的微观言语行为决定了整个宏观言语行为的核心意图。运用言语行为理论对叙事进行分析,有助于加强对作品语言和人物形象的理解,同时对语言教学也有着一定的指导意义。Narrative is essentially a kind of complex and unique speech acts system.Narrative acts include the speech acts of real-world and virtual world,namely the author＇s implementation of the speech act towards its reader and characters＇ implementation of the speech act between each other in the work.Corresponding with Austin＇s three kinds of acts,narrative process can be divided into three related behaviors.（1）It conveys a series of narrative propositions to readers and the listening characters in the work,which can be considered as dual locutionary act;（2）It expresses the deep level communicative intention of the speaker（including the speaking character in the work）,which can be seen as conducting illocutionary act;（3） It is a process of interactions between the author and its reader and the interactions between the characters in the work and can evoke resonant sound of readers and the listening characters in the work,which can be considered as the dual perlocutionary act.Narrative can be divided into dialogue,monologue and aside narration and each form of Speech Act analysis schema varies from each other.Narrative as a system is a sequence of speech acts that are composed of many micro-speech acts and the micro-speech act which plays the commanding role in the sequences speech acts decides the whole core of intentions of macro-speech act.Analyzing the narrative from the perspective of Speech Act Theory can not only help strengthen the understanding of the works＇ language and its characters but also have a guiding significance in language teaching at the same time.

关 键 词：叙事 言语行为 分析图式 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]