黑碳的研究历史与现状  

A REVIEW OF BLACK CARBON STUDY:HISTORY AND CURRENT STATUS

作　　者：穆燕[1] 秦小光[1] 刘嘉麒[1] 殷志强[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所新生代地质与环境重点实验室,北京100029 [2]中国地质环境监测院,北京100081

出　　处：《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2011年第1期143-155,共13页Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40472094;40772212);中国科学院知识创新工程(KZCX2-YW-Q1-03)

摘　　要：黑碳是目前在全球变化研究中备受关注的焦点问题之一。介绍了国内外黑碳气溶胶和沉积物黑碳的研究现状,在黑碳气溶胶方面,重点归纳了其在气候效应方面的作用:黑碳气溶胶吸收太阳辐射,在大气顶产生正辐射强迫,在地表产生负辐射强迫,被认为是导致温室效应仅次于二氧化碳的第二大成分;在沉积物黑碳方面,概括了不同研究者利用提取的黑碳浓度记录,推算化石燃料的使用历史,重建古火灾时间序列,在冰期间冰期尺度上估计气候冷暖干湿变化和黑碳浓度的关系;在黑碳浓度测量方面,概括了目前黑碳研究中几种常用的测量方法:光学方法是用黑碳测量仪进行实时监测,化学氧化、热氧化和热光反射等方法是在化学预处理的基础上获取黑碳浓度估计值。Black carbon is an attentive research topic in the field of global change.In this paper,the recent research on black carbon aerosol and sediment black carbon is reviewed.As we know,black carbon aerosol plays an important role in climate change and has become the second important component in green house effect.The top-of-the atmosphere（TOA）forcing is positive and the surface forcing is negative due to black carbon absorbing solar radiation.With regard to soil and sediment black carbon,scientists,according to black carbon records,have calculated the history of using fossil fuel,rebuilt fire events and estimated the relation between paleoclimate change and black carbon concentration in glacial and interglacial stages.The measuring methods of black carbon concentration are also summarized in this paper.Optical method is about a real-time measurement using aethalometer.And chemothermal oxidation methods and thermal/optical reflectance method are used for black carbon concentration based on chemical pretreatment.

关 键 词：黑碳 辐射强迫 温室气体 古火灾 质量沉积速率 

分 类 号：P539.7[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]