施用土壤改良剂对磷素流失的影响研究  

Effects of Soil Ameliorants on Phosphorus Loss

作　　者：姬红利[1,2] 颜蓉[1,2] 李运东[2] 方炎明[1] 杨林章[2] 吴永红[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学森林资源与环境学院,南京210037 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008

出　　处：《土壤》2011年第2期203-209,共7页Soils

基　　金：中国科学院重要方向青年人才类项目(KZCX2-EW-QN40);国家自然科学基金重点项目(41030640);国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD87B12)资助

摘　　要：以滇池设施农业土壤和坡耕地土壤为研究对象,采用外源施用土壤改良剂（硫酸亚铁FES,硫酸铝ALS,聚丙烯酰胺PAM）和土壤消毒剂（五氯硝基苯PCNB）的办法,在不同解吸时间和解吸类型的条件下,研究了土壤改良剂对土壤解吸过滤液中总磷（TP）和可溶性总磷（TDP）的浓度变化影响。研究显示：无论是在连续解吸（2~10 h）的长时间情况下,还是在两种解吸类型（2 h强度解吸和6 h连续解吸）的情况下,除PCNB外,FES,ALS和PAM都可以显著降低两种土壤过滤液中TP浓度（p〈0.05）。并且发现FES和PAM在连续解吸情况下,对设施农业土壤过滤液中TDP浓度变化具有显著影响,且在两种解吸类型下,还可以均显著降低两种类型土壤中的TDP浓度。野外田间试验表明：施加改良剂后,径流雨水中TP和TDP值也得到明显降低,FES,ALS和PAM的施用对降低P素流失具有明显的效果。可见,无论从解吸持续时间、解吸类型还是土壤类型方面看,FES和PAM都具有显著的防控P素流失的效果,适宜在滇池流域设施农业和坡耕地等土壤中应用。In this paper,under the conditions of different desorption times and types,the leaching kinetics of total phosphorus（TP） and soluble total phosphorus（TDP） in facilities agricultural and sloping farmland soils in Dianchi Lake Basin were studied by adding soil ameliorants inculding ferrous sulfate（FES）,aluminum sulfate（ALS）,polyacryl amide（PAM）,and soil disinfectant（penta chloro nitro benzene（PCNB））.The results showed that TP content in the leaching of these two typical soils treated by FES,ALS and PAM rather than PCNB,was significantly reduced in the continuous desorption（2-10 h） cases and two kinds of desorption types（2 h strength desorption and 6 h continuous desorption）（p0.05）,The decreased TP content in the leaching increased with the increasing desorption time.Additionally,FES and PAM could significantly affect TDP leaching of facilities agricultural soils under continuous desorption and lower TDP leaching of two soil types under two desorption types.Field test showed that TP and TDP concentrations in runoff from the soils treated by FES,ALS and PAM were significantly decreased after adding soil ameliorants.This further suggested that the uses of FES,ALS and PAM have the positive effect on controlling phosphorus loss from soils.Considering the total effects of control phosphorus loss in terms of desorption time,desorption type and soil type,it is concluded that the uses of FES and PAM are more suitable in Dianchi Lake Basin.

关 键 词：土壤改良剂 设施农业土壤 坡耕地土壤 磷素流失 

分 类 号：S156.2[农业科学—土壤学]