微波消解-火焰原子吸收法测定广州市污水污泥中重金属的活性形态  

DETERMINATION OF HEAVY METAL SPECIES IN THE MUNICIPAL SEWAGE SLUDGE OF GUANGZHOU BY MICROWAVE DIGESTION FLAM ATOMIC ADSORPTION SPECTROMETRY（FAAS）

作　　者：刘敬勇[1] 孙水裕[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东工业大学环境科学与工程学院,广州510006

出　　处：《环境化学》2011年第4期880-884,共5页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：广东省教育部产学研合作专项资金项目（2008B090500253）资助

摘　　要：以广州4个大型污水处理厂的压滤出厂污泥为实验材料,采用BCR三步浸提法对污泥中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、N、iMn的4种形态进行测定,以HNO3-HF进行微波全量消解,利用火焰原子吸收（FAAS）检测Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、N、iMn的全量和各形态的含量.结果表明,广州4种不同城市污泥中重金属含量低于全国污泥均值,其中Cu、Zn、Mn、N i含量较高,变化幅度较大,而Pb、Cr含量较低.除1种污泥中Cu超标外,其它重金属基本符合国家农用控制标准（GB18918—2002）,但所有污泥中重金属含量都超过珠江三角洲耕地土壤均值.不同重金属在不同污泥中的形态分布差异较大,其中,含工业污水污泥中Cu、Cr可氧化态占很大的比例,Pb主要以还原态和残渣态存在;生活污水污泥中重金属主要以可氧化态和残渣态存在,酸可交换态中Mn的比例较高,可氧化态中Zn的比例较高,4种污泥中Cu、Zn、Mn潜在迁移性最强.Flame atomic adsorption spectrometry was used to determine the total content and fractions of Cu,Zn,Pb,Cr,Ni,Mn in the sewage sludge from four different Wastewater Treatment Plants,Guangzhou.The air-dried samples were dissolved in HNO3-HF before the total content determination,or,sequentially extracted with Community Bureau of Reference（BCR） three-step method before species determination for the heavy metals.The results showed that the contents of heavy metals in the sewage sludge were lower than that of the average values in China.The contents of Cu,Zn,Mn,Ni were relatively with large variation,but Pb,Cr was much lower.Although the contents of heavy metals were higher than the background values of Pearl River Delta crop soil,except for Cu content in one sludge sample,the others met the Standards of Pollutants Control in sludge for agricultural uses（GB18918—2002）.Heavy metal contents in selected sludges had different forms.In the industrial sewage sludge,Cu,Cr existed mainly in oxidisable forms,but Pb was in the state of reducible and residual fractions.In the domestic sewage sludge,the heavy metals exist mainly in oxidisable and residual fractions,but the percentage of Mn in the exchangeable fraction and Zn in the oxidizable fraction was high.In all,the portion of mobile Cu,Zn and Mn species was high in the four sewage sludges examined,suggesting potential risk for transformation.

关 键 词：火焰原子吸收(FAAS) 微波消解 城市污泥 重金属 活性形态 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]