颅骨缝与大脑皮层表面的位置关系  

Position Relationship of the cranial sutures and the cortical surfaces

作　　者：侯杰[1] 郝解贺[2] 李小勇[3] 申建波[1] 郜彩斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西医科大学研究生学院,太原030001 [2]山西医科大学第一临床医学院神经外科 [3]清华大学玉泉医院神经外科,北京100049

出　　处：《中国医疗前沿》2011年第5期38-39,10,共3页China Healthcare Innovation

摘　　要：目的研究颅骨缝与大脑皮层表面的位置关系,进而利用颅骨缝的位置进行神经外科开颅手术定位。方法用成人尸头10具经行解剖研究,保留颅骨冠状缝、矢状缝、人字缝、鳞状缝以及颞上线,将其余脑颅骨骨质磨除,以显露大脑皮层表面与各颅骨缝的位置关系。结果成人颅骨冠状缝在中央前沟的前方跨过额上回、额中回和额下回的后部,冠状缝上点距中央沟上点约4.45±0.44cm,冠状缝下部距中央沟下点的水平距离约2.36±0.22cm,即冠状缝向后倾斜的角度要比中央沟向后倾斜的角度小;鳞状缝的上部位于外侧裂前部的下方,后转向下,跨过颞中回的中部及颞下回的后部;颞上线的前部覆盖于额下沟,向后走行靠近中央前回和中央后回的中下三分之一交界处,然后转向下,跨过缘上回、角回以及颞叶后部;人字缝的上部跨过顶叶,向外下走行后跨过顶枕沟后止于星点。结论熟悉颅骨缝与大脑皮层表面的位置关系有利于神经外科开颅手术中正确的颅骨骨瓣形成,进而达到正确的脑叶和颅内特定部位。Objective To research the position relationship between cranial sutures and cortical surfaces.To locate the position of cranial surgery according to the position of cranial sutures.Method To dissect ten cases of adult cadaveric head,to reserve skull coronal suture,sagittal suture,lambdoid suture,squamosal suture and superior temporal line,to wear the rest of the skull bone in order to expose the location of relationship between the cortical surfaces and the cranial sutures.Results The coronal suture in the adult skull in front of the precentral sulcus crosses the posterior part of the superior,middle,and inferior frontal gyri.Coronal suture points on the dot pitch of about 4.45±0.44cm on the central sulcus,from the central sulcus coronal suture under the point of the lower part of the horizontal distance of about 2.36±0.22cm,thus coronal suture has a little posterior slope than the central sulcus.The upper of the squamosal suture slit in the bottom of the front of the sylvian fissure and posteriorly turns downward to cross the middle temporal gyrus and the posterior inferior temporal gyrus.The anterior part of the superior temporal line overlies the inferior frontal sulcus,extends posteriorly near the junction of the middle and lower thirds of the pre-and postcentral gyri,and turns downward,crossing the supramarginal and angular gyri and the posterior temporal lobe.The upper of the lambdoid suture crosses the parietal lobe,after crossing the line laid down outside parieto-occipital sulcus to terminate in the asterion.Conclusions In craniotomy,familiar with the position relationship between cranial sutures and cortical surfaces is conducive for craniotomy bone flap in the correct formation of the skull,achieving correct specific parts of the brain and intracranial leaf.

关 键 词：颅骨缝 大脑皮层表面 位置关系 

分 类 号：R323.1[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学]