一七九八年《惩治煽动叛乱法》与美国“公共领域”的初步发展  

The Sedition Act of 1798 and Initial Development of the Public Sphere in the United States

作　　者：董瑜[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学世界近代史研究中心,天津300071

出　　处：《历史研究》2011年第2期142-159,192,共18页Historical Research

摘　　要：1790年代,在激烈的党派斗争中,联邦党与共和党都利用报刊等出版物传播观点,希望赢得民心。1798年,联邦党人促成颁布《惩治煽动叛乱法》,意图阻止共和党"煽动反对"政府,维护社会稳定。随着法令的颁布与实施,除了共和党,还有众多报刊编辑与普通民众参与到反对法令的活动与争论中。在广泛而深入的争论中,联邦党与反对派阐述各自立场,并将他们的主张付诸实践。这个动态的过程充分调动了报刊、小册子与其他公共媒介的能量,政治精英与"人民"通过这些公共媒介展开互动。尽管"公共领域"在相当长的一段时间内仍然是党派斗争的工具,但是围绕法令的争论与行动在客观上使"公共领域"成为美国早期民主运行的重要媒介。In the 1790s,in the intense partisan struggle,both Federalists and Republicans made use of newspapers and other publications to publicize their ideas and win over the people.In 1798,the Federalists passed the Sedition Act,which was designed to prevent the Republicans from inciting opposition against the government and to maintain social stability.With the promulgation and implementation of the Act,not only Republicans but also many newspaper editors and ordinary people participated in activities and debates opposing the Act.In these widespread and thoroughgoing debates,both the Federalists and their opponents expressed their ideas and put them into practice.This was a dynamic process released the energy of newspapers,pamphlets and other public media in which political elites and 'the people' interacted.Although the 'public sphere' remained an instrument of partisan struggle for a long time,in objective terms the debates and activities around the Sedition Act made the 'public sphere' an important medium in the early stages of US democracy.

关 键 词：《惩治煽动叛乱法》 党派斗争 公共领域 

分 类 号：D971.2[政治法律—法学] DD914