旱区经营人工植被对土壤干化过程的调控  

Controls over Soil Desiccation for Management of Artificial Vegetation in Dryland Areas of Northern China

作　　者：王晗生[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院、水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《自然资源学报》2011年第4期562-577,共16页Journal of Natural Resources

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2006BAD09B09);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-441,KZCX2-YW-149)

摘　　要：人工植被在北方旱区具有重要的意义,但在干旱少雨的条件下开展建设,必须讲求水分平衡。基于此,作者通过考察长期的经营实践,从土壤水分角度讨论人工植被与环境之间的耦合匹配问题。阐述了普遍发生的人工植被作用下的土壤干化对植被自身的不利影响以及其可调控性,并进一步对调控途径和措施进行了分析。表明人为采取措施可以将土壤干化现象加以调节和控制,如局部带状或团块状种植、疏伐、轮作、休闲、灌溉等。在贯彻适地适种原则的基础上,还需选择耗水量少的抗旱节水植物和可维持土壤水库水平的密度或盖度,这是保证人工植被稳定持久值得重视的又一重要方面。预防土壤干化是首要的,需多途径相互结合进行调控。对土壤干化过程的调控实际上就是有效经营人工植被。需要结合经营目标评定人工植被的稳定性。Artificial vegetation is of great significance in the dryland areas of northern China,but water balance must be thought over in its construction under droughty conditions of less precipitation.Based on this,the paper dealt with the matching of artificial vegetation to its environment from the angle of soil moisture by investigating long-term management practices.After presenting the unfavorable feedback effects of soil desiccation occurring universally by artificial vegetation and its controllability,the author further analyzed the controlling ways and measures.It is shown that the phenomenon of soil desiccation might be controlled by artificial measures,such as partial afforestation or cultivation of forage grasses in strips or patches,thinning,rotation cropping,fallowness,irrigation,etc.On the basis of carrying out the principle of planting in accordance with site conditions,drought-resistant and water-saving plants that consume less water and community density or coverage to maintain soil reservoir level would need to be chosen,which is another important aspect to deserve to be taken seriously for guaranteeing vegetation stability.Preventing soil desiccation is the most important,and some controlling ways should be integrated.Controlling soil desiccation is actually equivalent to effectively managing artificial vegetation.The managing goal is one of the main factors to assess the stability of artificial vegetation.

关 键 词：人工植被 土壤干化 水分平衡 旱区 

分 类 号：S154.4[农业科学—土壤学]