油茶采穗圃穗条果实兼营综合技术研究  

Comprehensive technology of Camellia spp.cutting orchard and sideline in scion and fruit

作　　者：谢红梅 

机构地区：[1]湖南省永州市林业科学研究所,湖南永州425045

出　　处：《经济林研究》2011年第1期171-176,共6页Non-wood Forest Research

摘　　要：为了充分发挥油茶采穗圃的作用,即在需要穗条时,能提供大量优质的穗条,以保证育苗的需要,而在穗条需要量减少时,又能收获大量的优质果实,以保证采穗圃经营者的经济效益,将树龄为25年的油茶采穗圃分成4个区,在不同的区域采用不同的管护措施进行试验,比较分析其果实和穗条的产量及质量上的差异情况,总结出了一套最佳的油茶采穗圃穗果兼营综合技术,即全年进行3次施肥、2次垦覆、2次修剪和加施3次叶面肥。采用这套综合技术措施试验的结果表明:果实的年均产量为7 164 kg.hm-2,比对照组提高了495.5%;病果数的比例为0.47%,为对照组的17.6%;每株穗条产芽1 918个,比对照组提高了182.5%;嫁接成活率为93.3%,比对照组提高了13.8%;苗木均高为18.17 cm,比对照组提高了58.97%;年均利润为22 245元.hm-2,比对照组的7 350元.hm-2增加了14 895元.hm-2,提高了202.65%。In order to full play the role of Camellia spp.cutting orchard,namely,a lot of high quality scions for ensuring seedling can be provided when scions are need,and high quality fruit can be harvested when scions are in little requirements.So that the harvest of scions and fruits in Camellia spp.can ensure the economic benefit of the operators.The 25-year-old scion of Camellia spp.were divided into several areas,and take corresponding protection measures at different areas,then compare their yield and quality of fruit and scion.A set of optimal comprehensive technology for sideline in scion and fruit in Camellia spp was summarized,that was,fertilization at three times in the whole year,cover improvement at twice,trimming at twice and spraying leaf fertilizer at three times.The results indicated that average fruit yield was 7 164 kg/hm2,it was increased by 495.5% comparing to the contrast group;scale of diseased fruits was 0.47%,it was decreased by 17.6% comparing to the contrast group;yield of scion was 1 918 buds per plant,it was increased by 182.5% comparing to the contrast group;rafting survival rate was 93.3%,it was increased by 13.8% comparing to the contrast group;average height of seedling was 18.17 cm,it was increased by 58.97% comparing to the contrast group;annual profit was $22 245/ hm2,it was increased by $14 895/ hm2 and 202.65% comparing to $7 350/ hm2 of contrast group.

关 键 词：油茶 采穗圃 穗果兼营技术 

分 类 号：S794.4[农业科学—林木遗传育种]