辽西石灰性褐土不同施氮模式下的土壤养分动态研究  

Dynamic study on calcareous cinnamon soil nitrition under different nitrogen application models in west of Liaoning

作　　者：隽英华[1] 汪仁[1] 孙文涛[1] 刘艳[1] 于涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁省农业科学院环境资源与农村能源研究所,辽宁沈阳110161

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2011年第2期10-15,共6页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：科技部支撑计划项目(2006BAD02A12);农业公益性行业科研专项项目(201003046-7);国家科技支撑项目(2008BADA4B06)

摘　　要：从高效施肥的角度出发,研究了不同施氮模式下的辽西石灰性褐土土壤养分时空动态变化特征。结果表明,与对照相比,施氮明显提高0～20 cm土层碱解氮含量。随着土层加深,碱解氮和有效磷含量降低,速效钾含量变化较小。随着生育期推进,0～20 cm土层碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量总体呈先升高后降低的趋势,高峰出现在拔节期或大喇叭口期;20～40 cm土层碱解氮和有效磷含量保持稳定,速效钾含量呈降低-升高-降低趋势,高峰出现在大喇叭口-灌浆期内;40～60 cm土层碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾呈降低-升高-降低趋势,高峰分别出现在大喇叭口期和灌浆期。随着土层加深,土壤pH值升高。施氮降低了0～20 cm土层的pH值,而对20～40cm和40～60 cm土层的pH值无影响。随着生育期推进,0～20 cm土层的pH值呈现升高-降低-升高的趋势,20～40 cm和40～60 cm土层的pH值保持稳定。土壤养分动态变化特征因施氮模式而异。与其它施氮模式相比,二次追肥和一次深施的施氮模式能够在拔节期和大喇叭口期提供玉米较充足的有效养分,满足植株的生理需求。综合考虑土壤养分动态特性、产量性状、产投比、氮肥农学效率等因素,初步筛选出二次追肥和一次深施为辽西春玉米生产中的高效施氮模式。From the viewpoint of high efficiency fertilization,studies were made about the dynamic characteristics of calcareous cinnamon soil nutrition as affected by different models of nitrogen application.The results showed that,compared with control,nitrogen application significantly increased alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content of 0～20 cm soil layer.With increasing soil depth,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphor contents decreased,and available potassium content changed smally.With growth stages,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphor ous and available potassium contents firstly increased then decreased in 0～20 cm soil layer,whose climax appeared at the jointing stage or the big trumpet stage.In 20～40 cm soil layer,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphor ous contents kept stable,and available potassium content changed in the style of decrease-increase-decrease,whose climax appeared during the big trumpet-filling period.In 40～60 cm soil layer,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphor and available potassium contents all changed in the style of decrease-increase-decrease,whose climax appeared at the big trumpet stage and the filling stage.With increasing soil depth,soil pH value increased.Nitrogen application decreased pH value of 0～20 cm soil layer,and had no effect on that of 20～40 cm and 40～60 cm soil layers.With growth stage,pH value of 0～20 cm soil layer firstly increased then decreased lastly increased,and pH values kept constant in 20～40 cm and 40～60 cm soil layers.Soil nutrition dynamic characteristics differed with nitrogen application model.Compared with other nitrogen application models,two topdressing and one deep application could supply enough nutrition for maize to meet physiological demand at the jointing stage and the big trumpet stage.Considering soil dynamic nutrient characteristics,yield traits,output-input ratio and N agronomic efficiency,it was screened that two topdressing and one deep application were more efficient nitrogen application models i

关 键 词：养分释放 施氮模式 平衡施肥 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]