处理聚驱采油废水的MBR反应器中活性污泥的驯化  

Acclimation of the activated sludge in MBR for treating oil-field polymer flood-clogged sewage

作　　者：李继宏[1] 赵丽静[2] 胡筱敏[1] 董怡华[1,3] 郑琳子[1] 刘宁[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北大学资源与土木工程学院,沈阳110004 [2]首秦金属材料有限公司能源部,河北秦皇岛066326 [3]沈阳大学生物与环境工程学院,沈阳110044

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2011年第2期77-82,共6页Journal of Safety and Environment

摘　　要：为了提高膜生物反应器对聚驱采油废水的生化处理效果,以炼油厂污水处理站二沉池的活性污泥为接种污泥,采用逐步提高进水中聚驱采油废水比例的加压驯化方法,在一体浸没式膜生物反应器(MBR)中进行活性污泥的驯化。对驯化过程中MBR系统内污泥性质、微生物相和聚驱采油废水处理效果分别进行了研究。结果表明,经过近30 d的驯化培养后,评价污泥浓度与沉降性能的指标如MLSS、MLVSS、SVI、SV等明显改善,表征污泥成熟的微生物相包括菌胶团、轮虫、楯纤虫等大量出现。驯化结束时,污泥所处的MBR系统对聚驱采油废水具有较好的处理效果,其中,膜出水的CODc去除率为77%,含油量去除率为94.6%,聚合物去除率为60.2%。说明驯化后活性污泥可以良好适应聚驱采油废水环境,MBR系统已基本完成了对污泥的驯化培养。利用电镜对膜组件进行观察,发现有凝胶层和沉积污泥吸附在膜表面上,从而使膜过滤阻力增加,引起膜污染。通过化学清洗可以有效去除膜表面的微生物和有机污染物,使膜组件功能得以恢复。The paper intends to introduce the research results of our acclimation of the activated sludge in MBR for treating oil-field left-over polymer flood-clogged sewage. In order to improve the biochemical treatment efficiency for such sewage, it proved necessary to incubate the activated sludge taken from the secondary sedimentation tank in our case study in Fushun Oil-refinery Station and make it acclimated in a submerged-flat membrane bioreactor （MBR）. In so doing, we have increased step by step the proportion of oilfield polymer flood-clogged sewage in the mixture with the glucose-nutrient solution, and at the same time investigated the sludge behavior, the microbial morphology, treated efficiencies of the resulted sewage in the membrane bioreactor respectively. The results of our experiments and investigations show that it was an effective and valid method to cultivate and enrich the activated sludge by means of the stage-by-stage elevation model. The effect can be shown in that the activated sludge was successfully acclimated nearly 30 d operation at the dissolved oxygen （DO） concentration of 2-4 mg/L, with the hydraulic retention time （HRT） being 12 h and the cultivation temperature at 30 ℃. It was found that the microbial morphology and preponderant microbe had been changed. For example, the quantity of the filamentous bacteria in the sludge decreased while the structure of zoogloea turned to be more compacted with the appearance of rotifer, lionotus, aspidisca cicada in the zoogloea. Such phenomena indicate that the sludge in MBR has become gradually mature. Furthermore, the evaluation index values of the sludge concentration and sedimentation performance, such as MLSS, MLVSS, SVI, SV etc. have also been improved significantly after the process of acclimation. The results of acclimation in the later stage reveal that the MBR system is favorable for the removal of CODCr, the oil content, and the HPAM with the removing efficiency increased about to 77%, 94.6% and 60.2% respectively. All of the abo

关 键 词：环境工程学 膜生物反应器 聚驱采油废水 污泥驯化 膜污染 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]