贡嘎山海螺沟冰川消融区表面消融特征及其近期变化  

Surface Ablation Features and Recent Variation of the Lower Ablation Area of the Hailuogou Glacier,Mt.Gongga

作　　者：刘巧[1,2] 刘时银[1] 张勇[1] 张盈松[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院成都山地灾害与环境研究所山地环境演变与调控重点实验室,四川成都610041

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2011年第2期227-236,共10页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：科技部基础性工作专项项目(2006FY110200);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2007CB411501);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-GJ04);国家自然科学基金项目(4080103040701032);西部之光在职博士项目资助

摘　　要：冰川消融过程与水热条件、气象要素、冰面局地和周边地形以及冰川表面状况等密切相关.利用海螺沟冰舌段GPS测量的结果,对冰舌段的冰川近期变化包括规模变化和厚度减薄进行了新的评估.结果表明:自1989年以来冰舌段冰川厚度减薄约26%,远显著于20世纪60年代以来冰川面积的减少比例4.05%.基于对海螺沟冰川消融区冰舌段详细消融过程的观测,从冰川消融同气温的关系入手,分析了海洋型冰川的消融过程和特征,并探讨了影响冰川消融的其它因素.Glacier ablation process is controlled tightly by energy.Ablation intensity is influenced by spatial and temporal changes of air temperature,ice surface conditions and surrounding terrain,and so on.In this study,a detailed ablation observation was carried out on the ice surface of lower ablation area of the Hailuogou Glacier during 2008 ablation seasons,from April to October.Relationship between ablation and cumulative positive air temperature was analyzed.It is found that strong ablation occurred from July to August.Total ablation considerably varied between different stakes and degree-day factors（DDFs） were calculated in a range from 2.63 to 6.39 mm·d-1· ℃-1.Generally,in the upper part of the ablation area,DDF is more than 4 mm·d-1· ℃-1.Large concentration of debris near the end of glacier tongue restrains ice ablation,where DDF is less than 4 mm·d-1· ℃-1.Long term ice thinning spatial distribution was derived by comparing two surface digital elevation models,of which one was obtained from a 1989＇s topographic map and the other was obtained from 2008＇s RTK-GPS measurements.Ice thinning was a principal process of the glacier retreating（26% of total ice thickness was lost between 1989 and 2008）,relative to glacier area shrinkage（by about 4.05% since 1960s）.

关 键 词：海洋型冰川 消融特征 冰川变化 海螺沟冰川 

分 类 号：P343.6[天文地球—水文科学]