黑河流域气候平均降水的精细化分布及总量计算  

The Fine Spatial Distribution of Mean Precipitation and the Estimation of Total Precipitation in Heihe River Basin

作　　者：孙佳[1,2] 江灏[1] 王可丽[1] 雒新萍[1,2] 朱庆亮 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2011年第2期318-324,共7页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(9102500540771006)资助

摘　　要：利用黑河流域气象观测站降水资料和DEM资料,分析了气候平均年和月降水量与地理地形参数的关系.结果显示,黑河流域气候平均降水量与测站的海拔、纬度、坡度显著相关,据此建立了降水量与地理地形参数的关系模型;拟合分析表明,年降水量拟合值与实测值的相关系数达0.94,二者在大部分地区分布特征基本一致,拟合值稍大;逐月降水量拟合相对误差在上游和中游都很小.基于降水量与地理地形参数的关系模型,利用高分辨率DEM资料,扩展得到了黑河流域上中游100m×100m精细化分布的气候平均年降水量和各月降水量.结果表明,精细化分布的降水量场能够表现出更多与地形和地势有关的细节,这是只利用气象测站资料的分析结果所不能反映的.在黑河流域气候平均降水量空间精细化分布基础上,按照黑河流域上中游面积5.08×104 km2计算,其气候平均年降水总量约为150.6×108 m3,降水主要集中在5-9月.Combining the meteorological observation precipitation data and DEM of the Heihe River basin,the relationship between the climatic mean annual and monthly precipitation and the geographical and topographic indexes are analyzed in this paper.Results showed that the climate mean precipitation has significant correlation with altitude,latitude and gradient.A relationship model is established between the precipitation and geographical and topographic indexes.Fitting analysis shows that the regression equations of the annual precipitation and monthly precipitation from May to August all pass the 0.001 credibility test and those for other monthly precipitation pass the 0.05 credibility test.Also,the correlation coefficient between the fitted the measured annual precipitation values is 0.94,both distribution characteristics are consistent in most regions but the fitted values are slightly larger.So the fitting results are reasonable on the whole.The relative errors of fitting monthly precipitation are very small in the upper and middle reaches.Based on the relationship model of precipitation and geographical and topographic indexes,using the high-resolution DEM data,the 100 m×100 m fine distribution of the climatic mean annual precipitation and monthly precipitation are obtained for the Heihe River basin.The results indicate that the fine distribution of precipitation can show more details about the topographic and topographic,which are better than the results analyzed only by using meteorological data from observation stations.Based on the space fine distribution of the climatic mean precipitation in the Heihe River basin,for the area of 5.08 million km2 in the upper and middle reaches,it is calculated that the climatic mean annual precipitation amount is about 150.6 ×108 m3.The precipitation mainly concentrates in the period from May to September and the total precipitation reaches about 133.9 ×108 m3.

关 键 词：黑河流域 DEM 降水精细化分布 降水总量 

分 类 号：P426.613[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]