甘肃黄土高原旱作区土壤贮水量对春小麦水分生产力的影响  

Impact of Soil Water Storage Capacity and Water Consumption on Water Productivity of Spring Wheat in the Dry-Farming Area on the Loess Plateau of Gansu Province

作　　者：邓振镛[1] 王强[2] 张强[2] 王润元[1] 白虎志[1] 王劲松[1] 徐金芳[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所甘肃省(中国气象局)干旱气候变化与减灾重点(开放)实验室,甘肃兰州730020 [2]甘肃省气象局,甘肃兰州730020 [3]甘肃省气象科技服务中心,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2011年第2期425-430,共6页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：甘肃省科学基金项目(0803RJZA092);国家自然科学基金重点项目(40830957);国家科技部公益行业专项(GY-HY200806021GYHY201106029);中国气象局气候变化专项(CCSF-09-14);甘肃省科技支撑计划资助项目(090NKCA118)资助

摘　　要：选择甘肃黄土高原旱作区5个春小麦测站2m土层深度多年土壤贮水量与产量资料,从大气降水-土壤水-作物循环系统的理论出发,研究了土壤贮水量和农田耗水量对春小麦水分生产力的影响.结果表明:该区域是一个贮水和保水性能较好的天然土壤水库,干旱区、半干旱区、半湿润区2m土层最大贮水量分别达470mm、582mm和617mm,但实际贮水量只有190mm、230mm和370mm,实际贮水量只相当于最大贮水量的40%、40%和60%,总的趋势是随湿润度增加而增大.干旱区、半干旱区和半湿润区分别为春小麦全生育期2m土层农田实际耗水量153mm、175mm和323mm,有随湿润度增大而增加的趋势.土壤贮水量是该区域春小麦生产力最重要的因素,土壤水分籽粒生产力为0.24～1.0kg.mm-1,平均为0.67kg.mm-1,总生物产量生产力为1.41kg.mm-1,随干旱程度增加明显递减.对不同水分气候区要采取增加土壤水库库容的各种抗旱措施,以提高土壤贮水量的利用效率.Based on the data of soil water capacity at the depth of 200 cm from 5 monitoring stations in spring wheat areas in the Loess Plateau of Gansu Province and the theory of circulatory system of atmospheric precipitation-soil water-plant,the impact of soil water capacity and water consumption on the water productivity of spring wheat is studied.The result shows that this region is a good natural soil reservoir,exhibiting good water storage and water-retaining properties.Though soil water capacity in arid,semiarid and subhumid regions is 470 m,582 m and 617 mm,respectively,the real water storage in these regions is 190 mm,230 mm and 370 mm at the depth of 200 cm,respectively,which is only 40%,40% and 60%,respectively,of the soil water capacity,indicating that water capacity and real water storage increase with humid degree.The actual water consumption in arid,semiarid and subhumid is 153 mm,175 mm and 323 mm,respectively,which increases with humid degree.The soil water storage is one of the main factors in spring wheat productivity.The grain productivity is 0.24 kg·mm-1 to 1.0 kg·mm-1,with an average of 0.67 kg·mm-1 and a biomass productivity of 1.41 kg·mm-1,which decreases obviously with increasing degree of drought.It is suggested that different measures to increase soil water storage should be adopted in different water-climate regions in order to improve the utilization of soil water.

关 键 词：甘肃黄土高原 旱作区 春小麦 土壤贮水量 农田耗水量 水分生产力 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]