青藏高原雷暴弱降水云微物理特征的卫星反演分析  

Satellite Retrieval Analysis on Microphysical Property of Thunderstorm with Light Precipitation over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

作　　者：戴进[1] 余兴[1] 刘贵华[2] 徐小红[1] 岳治国[2] 孙伟[3] 杨馥祯 

机构地区：[1]陕西省气象科学研究所,陕西西安710014 [2]陕西省人工影响天气中心,陕西西安710014 [3]海南省气象科学研究所,海南海口570203

出　　处：《高原气象》2011年第2期288-298,共11页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40975087);科技部公益项目(2005DIB3J099);陕西省和海南省自然科学基金项目(2007D11;40883)共同资助

摘　　要：选取青藏高原3个雷暴弱降水过程,以极轨卫星反演云微物理特征分析方法为主,结合地面实况和探空资料,探讨了云微物理特征及这类雷暴形成的可能原因。结果表明:(1)这类云的云底温度较低,为0℃左右,离地面1~2 km,属冷云底的对流云。与暖云底(云底温度15~20℃)相比,冷云底导致云中的水成物少,释放潜热少,这可能是该区域强对流灾害少的主要原因之一;(2)冰化温度较高(高度低),云粒子在-20^-25℃高度上基本完全冰化,可能与云底粒子有效半径(Re)较大有关;(3)Re=15μm的高度到冰化高度是主要起电层对应的温度,为-10^-25℃,这一层为冰、水共存区;(4)云的主体高度均在0℃层以上,降水以冷云过程为主,冰相参与的增长过程为主要的云雨粒子增长过程。Taking three typical thunderstorms with light precipitation over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau as examples,the microphysical properties of the three kind thunderstorms were analyzed,mainly based on the polar-orbit satellite retrieval methodologies,and the properties and the cause of their formation were briefly investigated,combing the surface observation and reanalysis data from NECP.The clouds are the convective ones,whose base temperature is low and close to 0 ℃,1.5~2.5 km above the surface,which causes the hydrate and the released latent heat in the clouds less than that the clouds of warm base do,this may be the one of the main reasons that few severe convective disasters occurred over the Plateau.The glaciation temperature of the clouds is rather high,and the glaciation level rather low,the cloud particles almost glaciate at the temperature of-20^-25 ℃,it must has connected with the larger cloud effective radius（Re） at the cloud base.The main charge layer is between the level where Re reaches 15 μm and the glaciation level,its corresponding temperature ranges from-10 to-25 ℃,and is the coexistent layer of water and ice.The main body of the cloud develops above the temperature below zero,their precipitation mainly is dominated by the cold cloud process,and the warm cloud is difficult to trigger in them.The growth process participated by ice phase is the main growth mode of cloud and rain particles.

关 键 词：青藏高原 雷暴 弱降水 云微物理特征 冷云底 卫星反演 

分 类 号：P426.5[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]