凡纳滨对虾半集约化养殖池塘浮游微藻优势种变动规律及其对养殖环境的影响  

Change of dominant species of planktonic microalgae in Litopenaeus vannamei's semi-intensive culture ponds and its impact on the culture environment

作　　者：彭聪聪[1,2] 李卓佳[1] 曹煜成[1] 刘孝竹[1] 胡晓娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所,广东广州510300 [2]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306

出　　处：《海洋环境科学》2011年第2期193-198,共6页Marine Environmental Science

基　　金：现代农业(虾)产业技术体系建设专项资金(NYCYTX-46);国家"十一五"科技支撑计划(2006BAD09A07;2007BAD29B06);南海水产研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研专项(2007ZD01;2008YD01;2010YD05);国家自然科学基金(30800851);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(nyhyzx07-042200803012);广东省科技计划(2009B020201001);广东省科技计划国家重大科技项目匹配资助项目(粤科函财字[2009]627号);广东省海洋渔业科技推广专项(A200899A06);广东省鱼病防治专项(2130108);对虾自动化养殖设施与无公害健康养殖技术集成与示范(2007BAD29B06)

摘　　要：研究了凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)滩涂土池半集约化养殖池塘浮游微藻优势种的变动规律,并结合养殖环境质量进行了分析。共检出微藻优势种16种,养殖前期优势种有蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella pyrenoidosa)、新月菱形藻(Nitzschia closteriu)、微小多甲藻(Peridinium pusillum);中期优势种有花环小环藻(Cyclotella operculata)、加德纳鞘丝藻(Lyng-bya gardnari)、绿色颤藻(Oscillatoria chlorina)、显微蹄形藻(K.microscopica Nygaard)、凯氏小球藻(C.kessleri)、栖藓柱孢藻(Cylindrospermum muscicola)、库津小环藻(C.kuetzingiana)、盐泽颤藻(O.salina)、微小念珠藻(Chroococcus cohaerens)、威利颤藻(O.willei);后期优势种有易略颤藻(O.neglecta)、狭细颤藻(O.angustissima)、蛋白核小球藻。养殖早期池水透明度较高,微藻种类较少、密度较低,其中2、4号池因甲藻形成优势导致幼虾成活率较低;中期微藻因受天气干扰演替较为频繁,其中1、2号池藻相发展不良,对恶劣天气的抵抗力度明显弱于3、4号池;后期微藻优势种类减少、优势度突出,颤藻类高密度繁殖,对虾生长负荷加大,其中1号池对虾有发病症状。结果表明,由优良微藻优势种类形成的藻相能对养殖环境的稳定起到积极作用,可有效抵御天气等干扰造成的扰动,养殖效益良好;而由不良微藻优势种类构成的藻相,则会给对虾的生长带来胁迫,增加养殖风险,降低养殖效益。Investigations on the microalgae community were conducted in Litopenaeus vannamei＇s semi-intensive culture ponds.The variation about dominant species of microalgae in shrimp ponds were identified,moreover,their relationships with culture environment and culture efficiency were analysised.The results showed that a total of 16 dominant species of microalgae were identified.The dominant species in initial phase were Chlorella pyrenoidosa,Nitzschia closteriu and Peridinium pusillum;the ones in the mid-phase were Cyclotella operculata,Lyngbya gardnari,Oscillatoria chlorine,K.microscopica Nygaard,C.kessleri,Cylindrospermum muscicola,C.kuetzingiana,O.salina,Chroococcus cohaerens and O.willei;the ones in the final phase were O.neglecta,O.angustissima and C.pyrenoidosa.Microalgae in initial phase were rare and low density,but Dinophyta occupied the dominant position in pond 2 and pond 4,which caused the low survival rate of their shrimp.The succession of Microalgae in the mid-phase was more frequent by weather interference.But due to undesirable algae in pond 1 and pond 2,their resistance to severe weather was weaker than the one in pond 3 andpond 4.In the final phase,the dominant species＇number reduced and their dominance was prominent,and Oscillatoria bloom well,but theshrimp in pond 1 fell sick.The result showed that the algae composed by excellent dominant species could play a positive role in stabili-zing the environment,and effectively resisted the interference by the weather interference,eventually.The shrimp grow health and cultureefficiency was good.However,the algae composed by the undesirable microalgae could bring stress to the shrimp growth,increased the riskof culture,and reduced the culture efficiency.

关 键 词：凡纳滨对虾 浮游微藻 群落结构 优势种 

分 类 号：Q178.1[生物学—水生生物学]