涉海电站取排水口工程设计环保措施  

Principle of environmental protection in engineering design for intake and waterspout of power station

作　　者：徐兆礼[1] 李鸣[2] 张光玉[3] 何新春 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,农业部海洋与河口渔业资源及生态重点开放实验室,上海200090 [2]国家海洋局海洋咨询中心,北京100860 [3]交通部天津水运工程科学研究所,天津300456 [4]中海石油环保服务(天津)有限公司,北京100107

出　　处：《海洋环境科学》2011年第2期234-238,共5页Marine Environmental Science

基　　金：上海市908专项(PJ1-1);海洋公益性行业科研专项经费项目(200905010)

摘　　要：以上海LNG接收站工程为例,首先分析火(核)电厂、LNG接收站排放温(冷)排水、余氯水和取水机械卷载效应对海洋生物的影响。通过排水水团降温过程与余氯水团消散过程分析,探讨消减负面影响的工程环保措施和设计原理。结果表明,冷排水水团在扩散中,首先完成升温过程,此时水中余氯成分尚在,可以在取水口附近水域建立余氯屏障,减少对工程附近海洋生物及幼体的损害。排水口环保设计方案的原理和依据,就是通过改进取排水口位置和方式的设计,设法在取水口附近始终维持一个余氯屏障,从而达到保护海洋生态环境的目的。如果不加环保屏障,机械卷载每年将造成的渔业资源是巨大的。对于取水量为324×104t/h的核电站,则每年可能造成上亿元渔业资源生态损失。如果在取水口附近建立余氯屏障,可使得上述由于机械卷载形成的损失量降至最小。As an example for the Shanghai LNG engineering in the Hangzhou Bay,the fishery resource loss（FRS） caused by the influence of mechanical entanglement（ME） and residual chlorine（RC） produced in operation of nuclear power stations,electronic power plants and LNG receiving stations were analyzed.The principle of environmental protects in the design for intake and waterspout was discussed through the analysis to heating temperature and dissipating RC in the drained water.The results showed that the heating temperature finished ahead of dissipating RC in the expansion of drained water.The RC in the drained water could be used to form the ecological shelters to escape the feather loss of fishery resource such as fish eggs,lavers and plankton.That means the principle of ecological protection that designed intake and waterspout of power station was construction of a residual chlorine barrier.This means a residual chlorine field should be maintained around the intake of engineering to keep the marine organism far from being inhaled into intake.This measure was necessary to protect the marine environment from being destroyed because it escaped to bring more losses in fishery resource and organic larvae.If there no any protection from the residual chlorine barrier,costly losses in the fishery resource and organic larvae,will be caused.A nuclear power station will consume seawater about 3.24 million ton per hour,three hundred times more than a LNG station,this was estimated to bring yearly about loss of more than 100 million Yuan in RMB in fishery resource and marine ecosystem.But the loss could be reduced to minimum if the measure of the residual chlorine barrier was adopted in marine engineering.

关 键 词：余氯 机械卷载 渔业资源 核电站 环保措施 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]