河套灌区春小麦高产栽培水氮高效利用研究  

Efficient utilization of water and nitrogen for spring wheat high-yield in Hetao Irrigation Region

作　　者：董文娟[1] 张永平[1,2] 谢岷[1] 韩开明[1] 付小军 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学农学院,呼和浩特010019 [2]内蒙古农牧业科学院国家小麦现代农业技术体系-河套地区综合试验站,呼和浩特010031 [3]河套灌区解放闸灌域沙壕渠实验站,巴彦淖尔市杭锦后旗015400

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2011年第6期127-131,共5页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划重点项目(2007BAD88B04);国家自然科学基金项目(3056006730960184);内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(20080404MS0304)资助

摘　　要：在内蒙古河套灌区解放闸灌域沙壕渠实验站,通过田间试验,对节水灌溉模式(拔节+抽穗2水)和常规充分灌溉模式(分蘖+拔节+抽穗+灌浆4水)下,不同施氮量对春小麦产量形成、水分利用和氮素利用等方面进行了研究。结果表明:2水与4水处理间小麦产量及其构成因素均无显著差异,而水分利用效率(WUE)比4水处理提高7.8%。在较低施氮量范围内,随着施氮量的增加,小麦产量、耗水量和WUE同步提高,当施氮量超过一定值后,产量和WUE开始下降。两种灌溉模式下,增施氮肥均能促进植株对氮素的吸收,但氮素利用效率明显降低。与4水处理相比,2水处理下小麦氮素利用效率显著提高。小麦的经济产量、水分利用效率及氮素农学利用效率与总施氮量均呈一元二次曲线关系,河套平原春小麦实现节水、省肥、高产相统一的适宜施氮量(纯N)为8～10 kg/667m2。The effect of nitrogen-application amount on yield formation,water use and nitrogen use were studied under water-saving irrigation model and conventional sufficient irrigation model in Shahaoqu experimental station of Hetao irrigation region,Inner Mongolia.Of water-saving irrigation model,wheat was irrigated at jointing and heading stage;while of conventional sufficient irrigation,wheat was irrigated at tillering,jointing,heading and grain-filling stage.The results showed that there were no significant difference of wheat yield and yield component between water-saving irrigation model and conventional sufficient irrigation model.But of water use efficiency（WUE） the former was higher than the latter by 7.8%.In the range of lower nitrogen-application amount,wheat yield,water consumption amount and WUE increased with the increasing of nitrogen-application amount.However,wheat yield and WUE would decrease when the nitrogen-application amount reached some level.Nitrogen-application could promote the nitrogen absorbing of plant and decrease nitrogen use efficiency（NUE） obviously under both two model.Comparing with conventional sufficient irrigation model,wheat WUE of water-saving model was increased significantly.It was conic section between Wheat economic yield,WUE and NUE and total nitrogen-application amount.The suitable nitrogen-application amount of spring wheat for water-saving,fertilizer-saving and high yield was about 8-10 kg N/667m^2 in Hetao irrigation region.

关 键 词：水分利用效率(WUE) 氮素利用效率(NUE) 高产 春小麦 河套灌区 

分 类 号：S31[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]