三峡-葛洲坝梯级水库调度对坝下河流的生态水文影响  

Impacts of the regulation of Three Gorges-Gezhouba cascaded reservoirs on downstream eco-hydrology

作　　者：王俊娜[1] 李翀[1] 廖文根[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038

出　　处：《水力发电学报》2011年第2期84-90,95,共8页Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2008BAB29B09);水利部公益性行业科研专项(200701029;200801023);国家软科学研究计划(2006GXS2B032)

摘　　要：本文以1901-2002年宜昌水文站日流量作为三峡水库的入库流量,模拟三峡-葛洲坝梯级水库正常运行后的泄流过程,采用水文变化指标法和变化范围法,评估调度对葛洲坝下游河流33项生态水文指标的影响。研究表明:梯级水库运行将坝下河流月均流量在10月份显著降低、5月和6月上旬明显增加、1～3月份普遍增至5000m3/s左右;年极小流量均有较大改变,而大部分年极大流量改变较小,仅年1日、3日平均极大流量有中等程度改变;低流量的谷底数和持续时间改变较大,而高流量过程改变小;年均日间涨、落水率有中等程度改变,年涨落水次数变化较小。另外,还分析了调度可能造成的生态效应,讨论了发电调度、动态汛限水位和蓄水时机调整对水文情势的影响。The daily discharge of 1901 ～ 2002 at Yichang station was used as inflow condition for a simulation of the regulated outflow of the Three Gorges-Gezhouba cascaded reservoirs.Indicators of Hydrological Alteration and Ranges of Variability Approach were adopted to estimate the effects of reservoir regulation on the 33 eco-hydrological indicators of the downstream eco-hydrology.The results show that the regulation causes a significant decrease in monthly averaged discharge in October,a significant increase in May and the early June,and a general increase to around 5000m3 /s in the three months from January to March.It causes a great change in annual minimum flows,while a slight change in most of annual maximum flows and a moderate decrease only in 1-day and 3-days maximum flows.It causes a significant change in frequency and duration of the low flow pulse and little change in the high flow pulse.It causes a moderate change in the rising and falling rates of two adjacent days and a small change in frequency of flow rising and falling within a year.Its effects on ecosystem and the impacts of hydropower regulation,dynamic limited flood water level and storage timing on the flow regime were also discussed.

关 键 词：生态水文 水文变化指标 变化范围法 梯级水库调度 三峡工程 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程]