社会问题与教育转型——试论民国时期的学生就业困难(1912—1937)  

Social Problem and Educational Transformation:The Difficulty in Graduates' Employment in the Period of Republic of China,1912—1937

作　　者：郭友琪[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国医科大学人文社科学院,沈阳110001

出　　处：《学理论》2011年第11期271-274,310,共5页Theory Research

摘　　要：中国新式学校教育开始于清末,1905年科举制度的废除使它随即成为国家主要制度性教育,毕业生逐渐增多,此系中国教育的重大变革。然而到了民国时期各级各类学校毕业生都遇到了严重的就业困难,表现为毕业生的低就业率和已就业者的职业困境,构成了一个新的教育和社会问题。而这与清末和民国时期的中国教育转型有极大的关系,这种转型是受外部因素影响的急剧变革,该变革使社会的受教育者就业模式快速解体,短时间内天然地导致了学生就业困难。所以如果我们能够把中国的学生就业问题,放在一百年来中国社会改革的过程中来看待,将有助于我们更为客观地理解这个问题。New-style school education in China began in the late period of Qing Dynasty.It's regarded as a drastic change that in 1905 the Qing Government abolished Imperial Examination System and made new-style school education to be main educational style with more and more graduates.But in the period of Republic of China,it's difficult for many graduates to be employed whatever level and style of school they graduated.This difficulty can be represented by the low employment rate of graduates and the vocation morass of employed graduates.As a result,a new educational and social problem formed.This phenomenon is partly because of the drastic educational transformation in the late period of Qing Dynasty and the period of Republic of China which was influenced by outside factors.It made the traditional employment pattern of people who had received education collapsed rapidly,which leading to the difficulty in graduates' employment inevitably.Thus,if we can consider the difficulty in graduates' employment in Chinese society as the outcome of the educational reform from 1900s,it would be helpful to understand this problem more objectively.

关 键 词：学生就业困难 低就业率 职业困境 教育转型 

分 类 号：G640[文化科学—高等教育学]