基于模糊理论和遗传算法的梯级水电站短期优化调度  

Short-term optimization scheduling of cascaded hydro-plant reservoirs based on fuzzy set and genetic algorithm

作　　者：龙军[1] 秦雅[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西大学电气工程学院,广西南宁530004

出　　处：《广西大学学报（自然科学版）》2011年第2期314-319,共6页Journal of Guangxi University（Natural Science Edition）

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(2007AA04Z197);国家自然科学基金资助项目(50767001);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金课题(20094501110002);广西高校百名中青年学科带头人资助计划项目(RC20060808002);广西壮族自治区教育厅科研项目(200808MS150);广西壮族自治区研究生教育创新计划项目(105930901001;105930904068)

摘　　要：电网负荷需求量随着气候、环境的变化而变化,在很大程度上存在着不确定性,而目前制定的发电计划都是根据以往的经验进行制定的,给出的计划出力与实际负荷水平存在较大的偏差。由于存在偏离发电计划的偏差,如果单纯地按照发电计划发电,会导致电能的不平衡,从而影响电网的正常运行。为了描述这种偏差,采用模糊集理论来描述负荷的不确定性,构建了一个基于模糊负荷的梯级水电站发电耗水量最小的短期优化调度数学模型,利用模糊区间的概念来研究不同模糊置信水平下梯级水电站的优化调度问题。同时研究入库径流量、发电耗水量、弃水量、水头变化等因素,全面考虑蓄水量、弃水量、发电流量、发电水头之间的关系及其对水电站正常运行的影响,以及各级水电站间的相互影响,用二次曲线表达式描述水电站水头特性关系,既能准确描述水电站水库特性,又能减少优化问题的决策变量个数,提高求解效率。最后以一个三级水电站为例,通过遗传算法求解所建模型,利用置信区间的概念分析负荷在不同置信水平下的优化情况,结果表明了所建优化调度数学模型的正确性和可行性。The demand of electricity load will be changed with the change of climate and environment and thus has an uncertainty.At present,the formulation of power plan is based on past experience and has high level of deviation between the plan and actual load.Because of this deviation,if production only according to the electricity generating plan will lead to electricity unbalanced and the network will not work in normal condition.To describe this deviation,the the uncertainties of load is described by the fuzzy set,and a model of short-term optimization scheduling based on fuzzy load of cascade hydro-plant reservoirs is proposed.The concept of fuzzyness is used to analyse the various vague confidence level of the hydropower station in the scheduling problems.The water inflow,water discharge,water disposal,water reference,water head and other factor are included,and the relationships among water volume,water disposal,water inflow,water head and their impact for the hydropower station are taken into account.By using quadratic curve which can accurately describe the physical characteristics of hydro power reservoirs,the number of decision variables for optimization can be reduced to help improve the efficiency of the solution.A third-class hydropower station was taken as an example for calculation with this model by the genetic algorithm and using the idea of fuzzy condence intervals.The simulation results prove the accuracy and feasibility of the model for cascade hydro-plants.

关 键 词：梯级水电站 短期优化调度 模糊负荷 遗传算法 

分 类 号：TV697.1[水利工程—水利水电工程]