山西太谷、祁县苹果树枝干病害的种类及为害性研究  

Species and Pathogenicity of Apple Tree Branch Diseases in Taigu and Qixian,Shanxi

作　　者：贺冰[1] 贺运春[1] 钱江[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2011年第4期356-358,共3页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山西农业大学科技创新基金项目(412499)

摘　　要：山西太谷、祁县苹果树枝干病害近几年有加重为害的趋势。通过对该地区苹果树枝干病害病原鉴定和为害性观察,结果表明,为害严重的主要枝干病害是苹果树腐烂病和苹果树干腐病,其中,苹果树腐烂病病原是苹果壳囊孢(Cytospora mali),苹果树干腐病病原有性型为葡萄座腔菌(Botryosphaeria dothidea),无性型为大茎点菌属(Macrophoma);而为害较轻的是苹果树枝枯病,其病原菌为盾壳孢属(Coniothyrium tirolensis)。该地区近几年由于春季频繁出现超低温天气,致使苹果树冻害严重,为苹果树枝干病害发生危害创造了有利的条件,是枝干病害发生严重的主要原因。Since the apple tree branch diseases have been widely spreading in recent years in Taigu and Qixian counties in Shanxi,in the paper the pathogens were identified and the pathogenicity observed to the diseased apple trees for this region.The results showed that the apple tree branch diseases were caused mainly by the apple tree canker（anamorph）Cytospora mali Miura and the apple tree dry rot（telemorph）Botryosphaeria dothidea and（anamorph）Marcrophoma,respectively,which were the most harmful in the region.The results showed also that apple tree twig blight Coniothyrium titrolensis was less harmful.At the end the author pointed out that the epidemics of apple tree branch diseases were caused by the severe freezing injury from the frequent cold weather in springs,which brought about advantageous situation for the pathogens infection.

关 键 词：苹果树 腐烂病 干腐病 枝枯病 

分 类 号：S436.611.1[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]