秦皇岛蟹壳废料制备高粘度天然高分子壳聚糖的研究  

Studies on the Preparation of Natural Polymer Chitosans with High Viscosity from Crab Shells of Qinghuangdao

作　　者：于海峰[1] 潘明旺[1] 朱普坤 李佐邦[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北工业大学化工学院,天津300130

出　　处：《河北工业大学学报》1999年第4期30-34,共5页Journal of Hebei University of Technology

基　　金：河北省自然科学基金!594074

摘　　要：由蟹壳制备壳聚糖的过程分两步：首先蟹壳分别在稀酸和稀碱中脱除钙和蛋白质得到甲壳素；然后甲壳素在浓碱中脱乙酰基制成壳聚糖．在此过程中由于反应条件非常苛刻，极易造成天然高分子的降解，使壳聚糖产品的粘度大大降低．本文采用正交实验法设计实验方案，优化实验条件，分别得到了两种制备高粘度天然高分子壳聚糖的最佳条件：方法一是蟹壳在室温下用5％的稀盐酸处理一天，脱色时间为60min，脱乙酞温度为550℃，脱乙酰化时间是16h；方法二是蟹壳在室温下用稀盐酸处理一天，脱色时间为60min，脱乙酰温度为110℃，脱乙酰时间是1h．实验条件的优化不但增加了产品的粘度，而且提高了脱乙酰度．The process from crab shells to natural polymer chitosans has two steps: One is that crab shells were demineralized in dilute acid and deproteinized in dilute base, respectly, and then decolored to obtain chitins. The other is that chitins were deacetylated in strong alkali and changed into chitosans. BUt during the process, natural polymers were easy to degredate to cause products with lower viscosity. In the present papef,the orthogonal method was used in design experimental procedure, then two kinds of optimum condition of preparing natural macromolecular chitosans with high viscosity were determined. One is that crabs dipped in 5% (w/w) hydrochloric acid for one day, time ofdiscoloration is 60 minutes, the temperature ofdeacetylation is 550℃ and the time ofdeacetylation is 16 hour The other is the same as the former except that the temperature of deacetylation is 110℃ and the time of deacetylation is 1 hour The adequate conditions can not only raise viscosity, but also the degree of dea cetylation.

关 键 词：甲壳素 壳聚糖 高粘度 天然高分子 蟹壳废料 

分 类 号：O636.1[理学—高分子化学] TQ929.2[理学—化学]