不同管理方式竹林地产流产沙过程模拟试验  

Simulation Rainfall Experiment of Soil and Water Loss Processes on Bamboo Forest Slopes Land under Different Managements

作　　者：张丽萍[1] 吴希媛[1] 张锐波[2] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学环境与资源学院浙江省亚热带土壤与植物营养重点研究实验室,污染环境修复与生态健康教育部重点实验室,杭州310058 [2]浙江大学城市学院,杭州310015

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2011年第2期39-43,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：浙江省低丘缓坡水土流失防治对策研究项目(RI0701)

摘　　要：针对不同利用目的和不同管理方式竹林地的侵蚀产沙特征,在浙江省临安市和安吉县,分别选择用材竹林地和挖笋竹林地,建立径流小区（面积3 m×1.5 m,坡度20°）,设计用材竹林地不锄草清鞭施肥、笋林地除草清鞭每年1次和两年1次,共3种管理方式,采用人工模拟降雨的试验手段,设定6个降雨强度（0.53~1.90 mm/min）,定时采集径流泥沙样,分析了不同管理方式下竹林地的侵蚀产沙过程特征,计算了侵蚀强度的差异。结论如下：（1）在单场降雨过程中,用材竹林地产沙量的最大与最小值之差很小,而笋用竹林地则相差很大,最大值出现在降雨初期,随降雨历时而很快减小。（2）在相同或相近的雨强情况下,笋竹林地的产流量远小于用材竹林地,但产沙量却远大于用材竹林地,并且呈现3个数量级的倍数在增加。（3）随着降雨强度的增加,笋用竹林地侵蚀模数的增加幅度很大,最大可呈2个数量级的倍数增加,而用材竹林地相对增加很少,只有1.7~3.8倍的增加幅度。（4）在笋用竹林地的两个处理中,锄草清鞭次数的增加会引起侵蚀量的增加,并随着雨强的增加,侵蚀量的增加会呈指数增加。（5）根据3种处理的8场人工模拟降雨试验,可初步设定竹林地的侵蚀性降雨强度的临界定在≥1.01 mm/min。本研究的上述结果可为竹林地管理、笋用竹林地锄草、清鞭和施肥的科学合理安排提供参考依据。The management methods of bamboo forest were divided into three types.They were non-till bamboo timber forest（BTF）,bamboo shoots forest with once clearing weeds and bamboo subterranean stem per year（BSF-1） and per two years（BSF-2）.The process experiments of runoff and sediment yield were conducted on bamboo forest slope fields under different managements in Linan and Anji counties of Zhejiang province.The testing runoff plots were designed with the slope of 20°,the area of 3 m×1.5 m,respectively on the different managemental bamboo forest slope lands.The experimental method of using rainfall simulator was taken,simulated rainfall intensity of 31.8~114 mm/h for 0.5~1 h from runoff occurring.The process characteristics of runoff and sediment yield were analyzed on the basis of simulated rainfall of 8 sets.Some conclusions were obtained as following.① In the experimental process per set,the difference between minimum and maxmum of sediment amount was very little on the BTF plot,and it was very great on the BSF-1 and BSF-2 plots.The maxmum of sediment amount occurred at beginning of runoff yield,and it decreased as rainfall experiment lasted.② Under the same rainfall intensity,the runoff volume was very littler on the BSF-1 and BSF-2 plots than on the BTF plot,but the sediment amount was very greater with thousand times increasing on the BSF-1 and BSF-2 plots than on the BTF plot.③ As the rainfall intensity increased,the erosion modulus increased rapidly on the BSF-1 and BSF-2 plots with hundredfold,relatively,the erosion modulus increased slowly on the BTF plot.④ Sediment amount increased with a index rule,as repeated times of clearing weeds and bamboo subterranean stem increased and rainfall intensity increased.⑤ According to 8 sets rainfall experiments,the critical erosive rainfall intensity was determined as ≥60.6 mm/h.Above results can provde some scientific basis for bamboo forest management.

关 键 词：用材竹林 笋竹林 人工模拟降雨 产流产沙 侵蚀模数 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]