人工降雨对稻田中氮磷动态变化的影响研究  

Effects of Artificial Rainfall on Dynamics of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Paddy Field

作　　者：冯国禄[1] 龚军慧[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉首大学生态旅游重点实验室,湖南张家界427000

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2011年第2期130-133,共4页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)(2005AA601010-103);国家科技部重大水专项(2008ZX07211-1001);湖南省教育厅科学研究项目(10C109)

摘　　要：在水稻黄熟期,通过对微区模拟稻田进行人工降雨试验,分析了60,48,17.4 mm/h 3个雨强处理（分别表示为y-b、y-m、y-s）条件下,不同滞水时间的田面水中氮磷的动态特征以及总氮、总磷的流失潜能,研究了不同雨强和滞水时间对稻田氮磷的减排效能。结果表明：（1）在3个雨强处理下,田面水中TN浓度在人工降雨后1 h为最高,y-s的田面水中TN浓度下降迅速;y-m和y-b的田面水积聚量较大,但在第5 d时其TN浓度也迅速下降到最低值。田面水中NH＋4-N浓度整体水平较低,NO-3-N浓度总体水平较高,但随时间推移呈逐渐下降的趋势。（2）3个雨强处理的田面水中TP和DP浓度总体上表现为y-b〉y-m〉y-s,呈升-峰值-降的趋势。（3）降雨处理后若延迟排水时间至第5 d,模拟稻田的相对减排效能最大,可减少排放田面水中TN80.44%~94.14%。如延迟稻田排水时间到第3~5 d,y-b和y-m的田面水中TP的减排效能显著,可减少排放田面水中TP 9.95%~100.00%。In this paper,the artificial rainfall test in the rice mature period has been made in macro-area paddy simulation.The dynamic characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus and the losing potential of total nitrogen（TN） and total phosphorus（TP） in water under 60,48,17.4 mm/h rain intensity（expressed as y-b,y-m and y-s respectively） and different delay time as well as the effect of different rain intensity and delay time on reducing discharge have been analyzed.The results showed：（1） The TN concentration in water reached the peak in one hour after artificial rainfall and that in water of y-s significantly decreased.The TN concentration in water of y-m and y-b were high,but decreased to the lowest value in the fifth day.The NH＋4-N concentration in water was relatively low.The NO-3-N concentration were relatively high and gradually decreased.（2） In the water simples under the three rain densities,the rank of TP and DP concentration was： y-by-my-s and the trend of that is drop-peak-down.（3） The relative effect of reducing discharge is largest and reduce 80.44%～94.140% TN when the discharge time delay to the fifth day.The relative effect of reducing TP discharge was significant in the water of y-b and y-m and reduce 9.95%～100.00% TP discharge when the discharge time delay to the third～fifth day.

关 键 词：人工降雨 黄熟期 模拟稻田 氮磷 减排效能 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]