固有免疫学的研究进展及其对研制新型免疫佐剂的启示  

The Progress of Study on Innate Immunity Led to the Design and Development of More Specific and Focused Adjuvants

作　　者：孙英军[1] 张艳[1] 吴琼[1] 郑海学[1] 张志东[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院兰州兽医研究所家畜疫病病原学国家重点实验室农业部畜禽病毒学重点开放实验室国家口蹄疫参考实验室,兰州730046

出　　处：《中国生物工程杂志》2011年第3期87-90,共4页China Biotechnology

基　　金："十一五"国家科技支撑计划(2006BAD06A03);甘肃省高层次人才科技创新创业扶持行动项目(1013JHTA008)资助项目

摘　　要：近年来,亚单位疫苗、DNA重组疫苗、合成肽疫苗等新型疫苗不断涌现,这些疫苗纯度高、特异性强。但其分子小,免疫原性较差,难以诱导机体产生有效的免疫应答,需添加佐剂来增强其免疫原性或增强宿主对抗原的保护性应答。免疫学的研究阐明了固有免疫如何调节适应性免疫。随着固有免疫学的发展和生化技术的提高,开发特异性更强、生物安全性更高的免疫佐剂越来越受到重视。对佐剂的分类、作用机理,固有免疫学的研究进展进行了综述,并就未来发展趋势提出自己的观点,为临床应用和进一步研制高效、低毒的免疫佐剂提供了参考。Recombinant DNA vaccines,subunit vaccines and synthetic peptide vaccines have sprung up one after another in recent years.These vaccines are characteristic with high purity,specificity,but they can not induce efficient immune response because of small molecule and low immunogenicity.Therefor,there is demand for safe and non-toxic adjuvants able to enhance the protective immune response.Recent advances in basic immunology have elucidated how early innate immune signals can shape subsequent adaptive responses,and this coupled with improvements in biochemical techniques,has led to the design and development of more specific and focused adjuvants.The type and mechanism of adjuvants,the progress of study on innate immunity and also explores future directions of adjuvant development are reviewed.All these could provide some references for the study on highly active,low toxicity adjuvants.

关 键 词：免疫佐剂 TLR 固有免疫 疫苗 

分 类 号：Q352[生物学—遗传学]