实验室条件下长角血蜱的生物学特性  

Study on Biological Characteristics of Haemaphysalis longicornis under Laboratory Conditions

作　　者：邹亚学[1] 陈娟[1] 王秋悦[1] 刘朋朋[1] 王爱丽[1] 陈丽凤[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北科技师范学院河北省预防兽医学重点实验室,河北秦皇岛066600

出　　处：《河北科技师范学院学报》2011年第2期40-45,共6页Journal of Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology

基　　金：河北省科技厅指导项目(项目编号:07276916)

摘　　要：为确定实验室条件下长角血蜱的生物学特性,以幼蜱、若蜱、雌性成蜱、雄性成蜱各1只为1组,共30组,分别接种到15只兔的耳朵上,每只兔耳上接种1组,待其饱血脱落后收集并分装于试管中,观察并记录各发育期的时间、吸血前后的体重变化、雌蜱产卵规律、孵化时间等项指标。结果表明：幼蜱、若蜱、雌蜱、雄蜱吸血后比吸血前体重平均增加15.3±4.05,9.85±0.75,88.60±31.23,0.40±0.09倍;幼蜱吸血前期、吸血期、蜕皮前期、蜕皮期分别平均为6.3,3.8,14.2,7.4 d;若蜱吸血前期、吸血期、蜕皮前期和蜕皮期分别平均为7.1,5.4,16.9,10.2 d;雌蜱吸血前期、吸血期、产卵前期分别平均为7.6,9.4,7.8 d;雌蜱日产卵量的变化趋势基本一致,一般在饱血后7~9 d开始产卵,其后第4天达到产卵高峰,第6天则急剧下降,最大产卵量为7 058粒,最小产卵量为365粒,产卵期平均为7.23±1.82 d。卵的孵化期平均为38 d;长角血蜱完成一个生活周期需要122~174 d,平均为141.33 d。相对于自然条件下,长角血蜱生物学特性变化不大,仅发育周期（或生活史）时间缩短为141.33 d。To study the biological characteristics of Haemaphysalis longicornis under laboratory conditions,thirty groups of Haemaphysalis longicornis with one larvae,one nymph,one female and one male in a group were inoculated respectively to 15 rabbits with one group on every ear of the rabbits.The morphology,body weight,developmental phase,hatching of the Haemaphysalis longicornis or life cycle ect was observed under laboratory conditions.The experimental results were as follows： compared with unfed Haemaphysalis longicornis,the body weight of the engorged larvae,engorged nymph,engorged female and engorged male Haemaphysalis longicornis was increased on average 15.3±4.05 times,9.85±0.75 times,88.60±31.23 times,and 0.40±0.09 times respectively;the average prefeeding,feeding,premoulting periods or molting period of the larva was 6.3,3.8,14.2 and 7.4 d respectively;those of nymph was 7.1,5.4,16.9 and 10.2 d respectively;the average prefeeding,feeding,preoviposition or oviposition periods of the female was 7.6,9.4,7.8 and 7.23 d respectively;the average hatching period of eggs was 38 d;the whole life cycle of the Haemaphysalis longicornis was during 122～174 d,or 141.33 d on average.The female began to lay eggs during 7～9 d after engorgement and reached the summit after 4 d and decrease rapidly after 6 days.The largest fecundity is 7 058,and the lowest fecundity is 365.The average oviposition period was 7.23±1.82 d.Compared with the Haemaphysalis longicornis in natural environment,the biological characteristics of Haemaphysalis longicornis had little change except that the developmental phase was shortened to 141.33 days.

关 键 词：长角血蜱 生活史 生物学特性 

分 类 号：S855.9[农业科学—临床兽医学]