牛场沼液对几种蔬菜病原菌抑制作用的研究  

Inhibitory Effect of Biogas Slurry of Cattle Manure on Vegetable Pathogens

作　　者：尚斌[1] 陶秀萍[1] 陈永杏[1] 董红敏[1] 黄宏坤[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,农业部畜牧环境设施设备质量监督检验测试中心(北京),农业部农业环境与气候变化重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2011年第4期753-760,共8页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：亚洲银行项目(PCR1924);国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAJ10B00)

摘　　要：实验室条件下,用不同贮存时间的牛场沼液原液和滤液对7种蔬菜病原菌(番茄叶霉病菌、番茄灰霉病菌、番茄早疫病菌、辣椒疫病病菌、辣椒绵腐病菌、黄瓜炭疽病菌、茄子灰霉病菌)的抑菌效果进行试验研究,为沼液应用于蔬菜病害农田防治的进一步研究提供基础数据。结果表明,新鲜沼液原液对番茄灰霉病菌、番茄早疫病菌、辣椒疫病病菌、辣椒绵腐病菌、黄瓜炭疽病菌和茄子灰霉病菌均有较强的抑制作用;随着贮存时间的增加,沼液原液对番茄灰霉病菌、番茄早疫病菌、黄瓜炭疽病菌和茄子灰霉病菌的抑菌率没有显著变化,对辣椒疫病病菌和辣椒绵腐病菌的抑菌率显著下降;新鲜沼液滤液对番茄灰霉病菌和茄子灰霉病菌有较好的抑制作用,但对其他5种病原菌的抑制效果不明显;随着贮存时间的增加,滤液对番茄灰霉病菌的抑菌率没有显著变化,对茄子灰霉病的抑制率表现出先显著下降而后升高的趋势。The inhibitive effects of cattle manure biogas slurry storaged for certain time on 7 vegetable pathogens,named Fulvia fulva,Botrytis cinerea pers,Aletnaria solani,Phytophthora capsici Len,Pythium aphanidermatum,Glomerella cingulata Var,orbicularis Jenkins,W.et Mc Combs,Botrytis cinerea,were studied in vitro using plate diffusion method.Results showed that,the fresh original biogas slurry could strongly inhibit the growth of Botrytis cinerea pers,Aletnaria solani,Phytophthora capsici Len,Pythium aphanidermatum,Glomerella cingulata Var,orbicularis Jenkins,Winstead et Mc Combs,Botrytis cinerea,and all the average inhibitory rates were more than 44.1%.With the storage time prolonged,the inhibitory rates on Botrytis cinerea pers,Aletnaria solani,Glomerella cingulata Var,orbicularis Jenkins,Winstead et Mc Combs and Botrytis cinerea had no significant changes,while the inhibitory rates on Phytophthora capsici Len and Pythium aphanidermatum decreased significantly.The fresh filtrate of biogas slurry had obvious inhibitory effects on Botrytis cinerea pers and Botrytis cinerea（the average inhibitory rates were 54.9% and 44.6% correspondly）,while the weak inhibitory effects on the other 5 vegetable pathogens（the average inhibitory rate was less than 26.4%）.And with the increased of storage time,the inhibitory rate on Botrytis cinerea pers had no significant changes while the inhibitory rate on Botrytis cinerea showed increasing trend after a significant decline.The data can provide evidences for the application of biogas slurry for vegetable diseases control.

关 键 词：沼液 蔬菜病害 微生物 抑制 环境保护 

分 类 号：X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程]