超高产春玉米氮磷钾养分吸收与利用的研究  

Studies on absorption and use of N,P and K by spring maize under super-yield cultivation

作　　者：杨恒山[1] 高聚林[2] 张玉芹[1] 毕文波[1] 张瑞富[1] 范秀艳[1] 高强[3] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古民族大学农学院,内蒙古通辽028042 [2]内蒙古农业大学农学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010019 [3]吉林农业大学资源与环境学院,吉林长春130118

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2011年第2期15-20,39,共7页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家"973"计划(2009CB118601);国家公益性行业科研专项(201103003);内蒙古民族大学科研创新团队计划(NMD1003)

摘　　要：以金山27为材料,以普通高产栽培(产量14.647 t/hm2)为对照,研究超高产栽培下(产量16.861t/hm2)春玉米对氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)养分的吸收、积累、分配和利用。结果表明,超高产栽培下,各生育时期单位面积N、P、K的吸收量和吸收速率均高于CK,吐丝后N、P、K吸收量占生育期总吸收量的比例超高产栽培均高于CK。植株N、P、K的积累量在吐丝期之前超高产栽培与CK差异均不显著,吐丝之后差异增加,两种栽培下完熟期N的积累量差异达到极显著水平,P、K的积累量差异达到显著水平。完熟期超高产栽培籽粒中N分配比例显著高于CK,茎中分配比例极显著低于CK;叶和根中P分配比例均极显著低于CK;根中K分配比例显著低于CK。超高产栽培N、P、K的收获指数均高于CK,N的产谷利用率与CK基本相同,P的产谷利用率略低于CK,K的产谷利用率高于CK。每形成单位籽粒所吸收的N、P量超高产栽培与CK相同,K的吸收量超高产栽培低于CK。超高产栽培田N素养分体现为表观亏缺,P、K养分表现为表观盈余。Using Jinshan 27 as tested material and ordinaryhigh-yield cultivation（the yield was 14.647 t/hm2） as CK to study the N,P and K＇ absorption,accumulation,distribution and use of spring maize under super-yield cutivation（the yield was 16.861 t/hm2）.The result showed that N,P and K absorption amount and rate under super-yield cultivation were higher than those of CK at all growing stages,the absorption ratio and total absorption of N,P and K under super-yield cultivation was higher than those of CK after silking stage.The difference of N,P and K accumulation under super-yield cultivation and CK didn′t reach significant level before silking stage,and this difference became larger after silking stage.The difference of N accumulation became highly significant at full mature stage between this two kinds of cultivation,and the difference of P,K accumulation also reached significant level.N distribution ratio in grain under super-yield cultivation was markedly higher than that of CK,and N distribution ratio in stem was lower than that of CK;and P distribution ratio in leaf and root were markedly lower than that of CK;the ratio of K distribution in root was significantly less than that of CK.The harvest index of N,P and K under super-yield cultivation was higher than that of CK,and N use efficiency of grain was nearly the same as CK,and P use efficiency of grain was lower than that of CK,and K use efficiency of grain was more than that of CK.N and P amount needed per unit grain were basically the same as CK,and the amount of K needed was less than that of CK.N was apparently deficient,and P and K were apparently surplus under super-yield cultivation.

关 键 词：玉米 超高产 养分吸收 表观平衡 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]