滴灌条件下根区水分对春小麦根系分布特征及产量的影响  

Effects of soil moisture of root zone on root growth and yield of spring wheat under drip irrigation

作　　者：王冀川[1] 徐雅丽[1] 高山[1] 韩秀峰[1] 徐翠莲[1] 

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学植物科学学院,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2011年第2期21-26,共6页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30960188);新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室开放课题(200803)

摘　　要：通过小区滴灌根区水分控制试验,研究亏缺、丰水、适水不同水分处理对春小麦根系特征的垂直分布、产量构成和水分利用效率等的影响。结果表明,孕穗-扬花是滴灌春小麦根系生长的关键时期,其根系主要分布在0~40 cm土层,根长密度和根干重在土壤剖面上的分布呈y=A×e-Bx的负指数递减趋势。不同根区水分对春小麦根系生长及分布有显著影响,亏缺处理深层土壤根量比例较高,但总根干重明显下降;丰水处理根量最大,但主要集中在浅层土壤,易产生倒伏,且同化物向穗器官分配比例较低;适水处理根系分布较为合理,根长、根表面积、根干重密度在灌浆期保持较高水平,根功能期延长,单穗重和WUE明显高于限量处理和过量灌溉处理,产量最高。通过滴灌控制小麦根区水分状况,可以实现以水调根,促进小麦高产形成并获得较高的效水分利用效率。Through water controlled trial in root zone under drip irrigation,the effect of different soil moisture on vertical distribution of roots,yield components and water use efficiency of spring wheat were studied.The results showed that booting-flowering was a critical period of spring wheat root growth and most roots were distributed within soil layer of 0～40 cm under drip irrigation.The distribution of root length density and root dry weight showed decreasing trend of negative index with soil depth which could fit by y=A×exp（-Bx）;The effect of soil moisture in root zone on growth and distribution of root was significant.Limited irrigation treatment had a higher proportion of deep soil root volume,but root dry weight decreased significantly.Excessive irrigation had a largest root volume which mainly concentrated in shallow soil,that easily lead to lodging,and the proportion of assimilated matter distributed to spike was lower.Root distribution of appropriate irrigation treatment was more reasonable,whose root length,root surface area and root dry weight density maintained a high level in the filling stage,and single spike weight and WUE were significantly higher than that of limited amount treatment and excessive amount treatment,so its yield was the highest;By drip irrigation to control water status in wheat root zone,it can be achieved to promote formation of higher yield and to obtain higher efficiency of water use efficiency.

关 键 词：春小麦 根区水分 根系分布 产量 滴灌 

分 类 号：S512.12[农业科学—作物学] S275.6