宁夏中部扬黄灌区地膜玉米膜孔灌溉技术研究  

Study on irrigation techniques for film-mulched corn in the irrigale area in central Ningxia

作　　者：买自珍[1] 蒋儒龄 袁丕成 陆俊武[1] 佘萍[1] 李明芳[1] 陈永葆 张建兴[1] 杨琳[1] 赵佰图[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏固原市农业科学研究所,宁夏固原756000 [2]宁夏中卫市海原县科技局,宁夏海原755200 [3]宁夏中卫市海原县科学技术推广中心,宁夏海原755200

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2011年第2期53-58,共6页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：宁夏自治区科技攻关项目(KGZ-08-08-03)"南部山区扬水补灌旱作高效节水农业配套技术集成与示范"

摘　　要：在宁夏中部干旱带扬黄灌区,以先玉335号玉米为材料,冬灌改为播前灌,并在玉米大喇叭口后期至抽雄前（7月12日）和灌浆期（8月8日）,采用膜孔灌溉方式补灌2水,研究地膜玉米不同补灌水量对玉米产量及其水分利用效率影响。结果表明：改冬灌为播前灌,可减少玉米拔节期1次灌水,其依据是苗期~拔节期耗水量少;进入大喇叭口期,耗水量增加;抽雄~灌浆期,需水达到高峰期,日耗水强度最高,这是玉米一生最关键需水期。本试验结论为：宁夏中部干旱带,地膜玉米在春灌底墒水条件下,膜孔方式补灌1350 m3/hm2和1800 m3/hm2水量,产量分别为10568.0 kg/hm2和10933.1 kg/hm2,水分利用效率为16.75 kg/（hm2.mm）和15.57 kg/（hm2.mm）。与大田畦灌灌溉定额3600 m3/hm2相比,可节水50.0%~62.5%,节约的水用来扩大中部干旱带灌溉面积,可取得节水增产双重效果。In the irrigable area with Yellow River water in arid zone of central Ningxia,taking the corn variety Xianyu 335 as the test material,the first irrigation is conducted before sowing instead of during winter,and then twice of supplementary film-hole irrigation is made during late big trumpet-shaped to heading stage（July 12） and during filling stage（August 8）,to study the effect of different amount of supplementary irrigation on the yield and water use efficiency of film-mulched corn.The results indicate that these methods can reduce irrigation once because water consumption decreases during seedling～jointing stage but increases during the big trumpet-shaped stage,and it reaches the peak during heading～filling stage,which is the critical time for water requirement of corn.And the experiment comes to the conclusion that,in the arid zone of central Ningxia,for film-mulched corn under the condition of soil moisture from spring irrigation,when supplementary film-hole irrigation is conducted with the water amount of 1 350 m3/hm2 and 1 800 m3/hm2,the corn yield is 10 568.0 kg/hm2 and 10 933.1 kg/hm2 respectively,while the water use efficiency is 16.75 kg/（hm2·mm） and 15.57 kg/（hm2·mm）.Compared with the plot irrigation quota of 3 600 m3/hm2,it can save water by 50.0%～62.5%,and the saved water can be used to expand irrigation area and achieve the dual effects of saving water and increasing yield.

关 键 词：玉米 膜孔灌溉 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]