Take only pictures, leave only...fear？ The effects of photography on the West Indian anole Anolis cristatellus  

作　　者：Brian HUANG Katie LUBARSKY Tiffany TENG Daniel T. BLUMSTEIN 

机构地区：[1]Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California, 621 Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA

出　　处：《Current Zoology》2011年第1期77-82,共6页动物学报（英文版）

摘　　要：Ecotourism encourages an environmentally friendly exploration of the world＇s natural habitats. Tourists often engage in wildlife photography, an activity that is generally not considered disturbing to animals. We investigated the effects of cam- era-related stimuli to determine whether shutter noise and/or flash affected the immediate behavior of female crested anoles Ano- lis cristaellus. Anoles decreased their display rate following stimuli that included shutter noises, but did not change their behavior in response to flash or silence treatments. To determine the relative importance of this response, we observed anole behavior fol- lowing playbacks of calls from kestrels Falco sparverius, a predator, and bananaquits Coereba flaveola, a non-predator. Anoles decreased display rates following kestrel calls when compared to their response to bananaquit calls. Furthermore, anoles spent a greater proportion of time displaying following bananaquit calls compared to both kestrel calls and silence. The magnitude of response to shutter noises was about the same as that to predator calls. This demonstrates that photography may not be as benign as commonly believed, and we should consider whether restrictions on camera noises should be implemented to reduce ani- mal disturbance

关 键 词：Antipredator Behavior ECOTOURISM PHOTOGRAPHY Anoles Multimodal Risk Assessment 

分 类 号：TP393.092[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术] TB82[自动化与计算机技术—计算机科学与技术]