相变材料和隔热材料在不同地区建筑中应用效果之比较分析  

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF PCMs AND INSULATION MATERIALS ON ENERGY SAVING IN BUILDINGS LOCATED IN FIVE TYPICAL CITIES

作　　者：丁理峰[1] 叶宏[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学热科学和能源工程系,合肥230027

出　　处：《太阳能学报》2011年第4期508-516,共9页Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica

基　　金：'十一五'国家科技支撑计划(2006BAA04B02);中国科学技术大学青年科学基金项目(KA2090130003)

摘　　要：利用典型气象年逐时数据,讨论了5个热工分区中典型城市的建筑采用外保温或相变材料后,全年室温和采暖空调能耗的变化情况,并分别采用'全年累计满足舒适度小时数'和'单位面积耗电量'作为两种材料在被动式和主动式建筑中应用效果的评价指标,结合'峰谷电价'、采暖或空调运行费用和材料的初投资,对其在不同地区的应用进行了可行性分析。研究发现:外保温随采暖能耗在整个建筑能耗中比例的增大而愈显重要;内墙为相变材料可使被动式建筑夏季具有较好的舒适度,使主动式建筑夏季空调能耗降低,但其成本较高,北京、上海和广州地区投资回收期至少为15a;在仅需考虑采暖需求的哈尔滨地区,相变蓄能式地板采暖系统节能效果较好,投资回收期可控制在5a,但采用外保温比相变材料更具经济性,投资回收期仅为1.5a。Five cities which represent five distinct climate zones in China were choose, and the passive and active performances of PCMs or EPS in buildings were discussed in terms of hours falling in the range of comfort and associated energy-consumption per unit area of construction, respectively. In the analysis, some economic factors were also considered, including peak-load shifting, investments and operating costs of heating and air-conditioning systems. The results indicate that the insulation on the outside surface of external wall is most significant in terms of energy savings, and the amount of saved energy is proportional to the ratio of heating energy to the total energy consumed in buildings; PCMs inner walls can make room comfortable and the air-conditioning consume less energy in summer, however, it needs a long period for payback of invesnnent, that is 15 years at least in the Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou because of the high investment; For cold zones where only heating is needed, the floor heating system can give a relatively satisfactory result in energy saving when using PCM as thermal mass, and. the payback period falls within 5 years. It＇ s more cost-effective to use external insulation materials than PCMs, the payback period of the former is only one and a half year.

关 键 词：建筑节能 室温 全年能耗 相变材料 隔热材料 

分 类 号：TK512.4[动力工程及工程热物理—热能工程]