北京龙泉务窑辽、金代白瓷研究  

A Study on White Porcelain of Beijing Longquanwu Kiln in Liao and Jin Dynasties

作　　者：陈尧成[1] 张筱薇[1] 黄秀纯[2] 刘兰华[3] 齐鸿浩 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所,上海200050 [2]北京市文物研究所,北京100010 [3]中国文物研究所,北京100010 [4]北京门头沟区博物馆,北京102300

出　　处：《河北陶瓷》1999年第2期3-9,共7页Hebei Ceramics

摘　　要：样品分细瓷和粗瓷，细白瓷胎的组成以含高铝（３７４％ ～３９０％ ）、钠（２７％ ～４３％ ）、钛（１２％ ～１７％ ）和低硅（５２４～５４９％ ）为特征，与北方古代名窑白瓷胎有明显差别，而且细白瓷样品胎中氧化铁含量很低（０２％ ～０３％ ），石英颗粒很细（约２５μｍ ），气孔率（００８％ ～０７９％ ）也很低，说明样品烧成质量很高，胎洁白细腻，可与宋代定窑瓷器相媲美。粗白瓷胎气孔率高，大多为生烧。龙泉务白瓷在辽早期大量使用钙质釉，至辽中期开始使用钙碱釉，而到了辽末至金代开始使用碱钙釉，还最新发现有一样品其釉的氧化钙（０８％ ）、氧化镁（０５％ ）含量很低，ＲＯ 分子数只有０１９，本文认为该釉应属碱质釉，这在我国南北方古瓷釉中还没出现过。龙泉务白瓷的烧成温度约在１２４０～１２７０℃．The white porcelain samples are two types of body:fine and coarss.The composition characteristics of fine body are high in Al 2O 3(37 4%～39 0%)、Na 2O(2 7%～4 3%)and TiO 2(1 2%～1 7%)contents and low of SiO 2(52 4%～54 9%)content.The compositions of fine body are different from those of northern famous ancient white porcelain body.And their Fe 2O 3 content(0 2%～0 3%) is very low,the quartz grains in the bodies are very fine(about 25μm),their porosities(0 08%～0 79%)are low.It is illustrated that the firing quality of fine white porcelain samples is nearly the same as that of Ding white porcelain.But the porosities of coarse body samples is high,the most of these samples were underfired.The chemical compositions of the glaze samples are different.The Ca glaze was used in the early period of Liao Dynasty.To the middle of Liao,the Ca alk glaze had been used.In the later of Liao to Jin Dynasties,the alk Ca glaze had been used.In the period,it was new discorvery that the composition of a glaze sample is low in CaO(0 8%)and MgO(0 5%)contents,its RO molecular is only 0.19 .This kind of alk glaze was not seen in the chinese ancient porcelain glaze.The firing temperature of the white porcelain samples is about 1240～1270℃.

关 键 词：龙泉务窑 白瓷 陶瓷 辽代 金代 烧成 

分 类 号：TQ174.652[化学工程—陶瓷工业]