青藏高原纳木错和安多牧区室内空气污染研究  

Indoor Air Pollution in the Nam Co and Ando Regions in the Tibetan Plateau

作　　者：陈鹏飞[1] 李潮流[1] 康世昌[1,2] 张强弓[1] 郭军明[1] 米决[3] 巴桑普赤[3] 洛桑曲珍[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院青藏高原研究所青藏高原地表过程与环境变化重点实验室,北京100085 [2]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冰冻圈国家重点实验室,兰州730000 [3]西藏大学理学院,拉萨850000

出　　处：《环境科学》2011年第5期1231-1236,共6页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划(973)项目(2005CB422004);国家自然科学基金项目(40901270;40830743;40771187);冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室项目(SKLCS-ZZ-2008-01)

摘　　要：2009年夏季在青藏高原纳木错和安多牧区对牧民帐篷内细颗粒(PM2.5)浓度和一氧化碳(CO)的含量进行了观测,以认识牧区室内空气中PM2.5和CO的污染水平、日变化特征及主要影响因素,以及不同人群在污染物中的暴露水平.观测结果表明,未安装烟囱的帐篷内PM2.5浓度和CO平均含量(体积分数)分别为1.272 mg·m-3和5.035×10-6,而安装烟囱的帐篷内二者的平均含量明显降低,仅为0.097 mg·m-3和0.089×10-6;帐篷内PM2.5和CO的日变化具有一致性,呈现出多峰值现象,这些峰值与牧民在帐篷内的活动(特别是使用牛粪炉子做饭、取暖等)有很好的对应关系,这与我国中东部农村地区室内污染物的日变化不同.妇女和儿童在帐篷内的时间最长,平均每天比其他成员多3～4 h,儿童在PM2.5和CO中的暴露水平最高,分别为0.972 mg·m-3和0.132×10-6.尽管青藏高原的室外大气非常洁净,但该地区的牧民帐篷内存在严重的空气污染,这主要是由生物质燃料(主要是牛粪)燃烧造成.Concentrations and variations of fine particulate matter（PM2.5） and carbon monoxide（CO） within tents from the Nam Co and Ando regions were observed at summer 2009,in order to understand the concentrations and variations of PM2.5 and CO in these tents（or in rooms） and their main affect factors,as well as the exposure of different residents.The result indicates that the twenty-four hour average concentrations of PM2.5 and CO（V/V） in the tents without chimney are 1.272 mg.m-3 and 5.035 × 10-6,which are significantly higher than those of tents installed chimneys（0.097 mg.m-3 and 0.089 × 10-6）.Diurnal variations of PM2.5 and CO are similar and show multiple peaks,which is different with those in the eastern rural areas of China and closely connected with the behaviors of the residents within the tents.Generally,women and children spend three or four hours longer in tents than other family members every day.Children have the highest exposure of 0.972 mg.m-3 and 0.132 × 10-6 for PM2.5 and CO,respectively.Therefore,although the outdoor air in the Tibetan Plateau is very clean,the air of the Tibetan tents are seriously polluted and mainly caused by yak dung combustion.

关 键 词：室内空气污染 PM2.5 一氧化碳 青藏高原 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]