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作 者:文方[1] 姚娜[1] 周友亚[1] 谷庆宝[1] 李发生[1] 侯红[1]
机构地区:[1]中国环境科学研究院土壤污染与控制研究室,北京100012
出 处:《环境科学》2011年第5期1422-1429,共8页Environmental Science
基 金:中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项(2007KYYW03);科技部科技基础性工作专项项目(2007FY240200);环保公益性行业科研专项(201009032-01);环保公益性行业科研专项经费项目(200809095)
摘 要:以我国3种典型土壤黑土、潮土和红壤为研究对象,在相对清洁未扰动自然土壤区域采集了土壤的剖面样品,分析了土壤中的稀有金属银(Ag)、铋(Bi)、铟(In)、锡(Sn)的含量水平,利用元素富集率(ER)的垂向分布探讨了外源污染对金属含量的影响,并采用连续逐级提取法研究了土壤中稀有金属的化学形态分布特征,用金属可交换态和碳酸盐结合态之和表征金属迁移性特征.Ag、Bi、In、Sn在各土壤A层的平均含量分别为:(0.14±0.01)、(0.49±0.09)、(0.050±0.01)、(2.8±0.9)mg.kg-1;土壤各层金属ER值均接近1;金属的形态分布为,Ag:残渣态(65.8%)>H2 O2可提取有机金属结合态(25.9%)>无定形金属氧化物结合态(4.2%)>有机金属络合态≈结晶铁氧化物结合态(2.0%);Bi:残渣态(29.2%)>H2 O2可提取有机金属结合态(27.1%)>结晶铁氧化物结合态(22.7%)>无定形金属氧化物结合态(18.8%)>有机金属络合态(1.0%)>碳酸盐结合态(0.9%)>易还原金属氧化物结合态(0.3%);In:残渣态(67.8%)>结晶铁氧化物结合态(17.0%)>无定形金属氧化物结合态(6.8%)>H2O2可提取有机金属结合态(6.0%)>碳酸盐结合态(1.4%)>有机金属络合态(1.0%);Sn:残渣态(58.1%)>无定形金属氧化物结合态(23.0%)>结晶铁氧化物结合态(15.6%)>H2O2可提取有机金属结合态(1.8%)>有机金属络合态(1.1%)>离子交换态≈碳酸盐结合态(0.2%).3种土壤金属含量受人类活动扰动很小,研究结果接近采样区域的元素背景含量;各金属在土壤中较稳定;金属迁移性顺序为:In>Bi>Sn>Ag.Soil profile samples of isohumosol,primosol,and ferrosol were obtained in relatively clean areas of China.Concentrations and chemical speciation of rare metals [e.g.,Ag(Silver),Bi(Bismuth),In(Indium) and Sn(Tin)]were determined,in which sequential extraction was used to fraction metals.Vertical distributions of elemental enrichment ratios(ERs) were used to study the anthropogenic influence.The mobility of metals was characterized by the sum of exchangeable form and carbonate-bound form.Average concentrations of Ag,Bi,In and Sn in the A horizon were(0.14 ± 0.01),(0.49 ± 0.09),(0.050 ± 0.01),and(2.8 ± 0.9) mg.kg-1,respectively.The ERs were close to 1.Average distributions of metal speciation were: Ag,residual(65.8%) H2 O2-extractable organically bound(H2 O2-Org)(25.9%) Amorphous metal oxide-bound(am-MeOx)(4.2%) Metal-organic complex-bound(Me-Org) ≈ Crystalline Fe oxide-bound(cr-FeOx)(2.0%);Bi,residual(29.2%) H2 O2-Org(27.1%) cr-FeOx(22.7%) am-MeOx(18.8%) Me-Org(1.0%) carbonate-bound(0.9%) easily reducible metal oxide-bound(re-MeOx)(0.3%);In,residual(67.8%) cr-FeOx(17.0%) am-MeOx(6.8%) H2O2-Org(6.0%) carbonate-bound(1.4%) Me-Org(1.0%);Sn,residual(58.1%) am-MeOx(23.0%) cr-FeOx(15.6%) H2 O2-Org(1.8%) Me-Org(1.1%) exchangeable ≈carbonate-bound(0.2%).the results indicated that the exogenous elements enrichment was deficiency to minimal,and the concentrations of the rare metals were close to background values of soil in studied areas.Rare metals were stable in soils.The mobility of metals was in the order In Bi Sn Ag.
关 键 词:自然土壤 稀有金属 化学形态 元素富集率 迁移性
分 类 号:X820.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]
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