不同微生物对形成不同腐殖质组分的差异性研究进展  

Review of Different Microorganisms Effect on Humus Formation

作　　者：窦森[1] 王帅[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学资源与环境学院,长春130118 [2]吉林市农业技术推广中心,吉林132013

出　　处：《吉林农业大学学报》2011年第2期119-125,共7页Journal of Jilin Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40971141);"973"项目(2011CB100503);高校博士点基金项目(200801930003)

摘　　要：腐殖物质(HS)组分的差异性在很大程度上影响着土壤腐殖质的组成,后者可以很直观地衡量土壤肥力及土壤的熟化程度。土壤微生物与结构复杂、性质稳定的腐殖质之间的相互作用可使其完全或部分分解,与此同时产生新的腐殖质使有机质得到更新。微生物与腐殖质形成密切相关,绝大多数有关腐殖质形成的学说均肯定了微生物的特殊作用,但尚未形成统一的观点。文中主要从实验研究进展角度综述了微生物降解不同碳源有机物(葡萄糖、纤维素和木质素)对形成HS的影响,不同微生物(细菌、真菌和放线菌)分解利用HS的能力,及接种不同微生物对形成腐殖质组分和堆肥质量的影响。揭示了不同微生物对形成不同腐殖质组分的差异性,并对相关研究进行了展望。The differences of humus fractions largely affect the composition of soil humus,which can be used directly to measure the degree of soil fertility and soil aging.The interaction between a stable humus with structural complexity and soil microorganisms can achieve full or partial decomposition of humus,which can generate new humus,making the soil organic matter updated at the same time.Apparently,the microorganisms and the formation of humus can have a close correlation.Most of the theories of humus formation have affirmed the special role of microorganisms,but not yet formed a unified opinion now.This article mainly discussed the effect of different organic carbon sources（glucose,cellulose and lignin）that were degraded by the soil microorganisms on the formation of HS,the decomposition ability of different microorganisms（bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes） to HS and the impact of inoculating different microorganisms to the formation of humus components and the compost quality to uncover the differences of different microorganisms on the formation of different humus fractions and proposed the prospect of relevant studies.

关 键 词：腐殖质 微生物 细菌 真菌 放线菌 

分 类 号：S153.622[农业科学—土壤学]