中国风电产业链的垂直结构研究  

Vertical Relationship between Wind-Power Manufacturing Industry and Wind-Farms

作　　者：邸元[1] 刘晓鸥[2] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学公共管理学院,北京100084 [2]中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院,北京100872

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2011年第4期95-99,共5页China Population,Resources and Environment

摘　　要：大力发展风电产业有利于降低碳排放,对于保持经济社会可持续发展具有重要意义。跟其他的产业一样,产业组织结构是影响风电产业发展速度的决定因素之一。产业组织理论认为,产业的垂直结构影响着产业资源的配置效率、产业利润的分配和下游企业的定价。本研究回答两个问题:①风电制造企业市场集中度与风电场的利润率之间的关系;②它们之间的关系还受到哪些因素的影响。本文从中国风电产业链的垂直结构入手,分析了风电设备制造市场的市场集中程度对风电场利润的影响。理论模型的推导结果表明风电设备制造企业的市场集中度和风电场的利润率之间呈负相关关系,且影响程度随风电场对风电设备需求弹性的降低而加强。因此,本文认为政府可以通过给予风电设备制造企业税收优惠、在风电制造业中实施必要的反垄断措施和制定并实施中国风电产业标准等措施,吸引新的企业进入风电设备制造市场,降低设备制造市场的市场集中度,增加风电场对特定风电设备的需求弹性,从而提高风电场的利润,加快风电产业的健康发展。A highly developed wind-power industry is conductive to reducing carbon emissions,and achieving sustainable economic and social growth.As in other industries,the industrial organization structure is one of the determinants of development because the vertical structure is decisive to resource allocation,profit distribution and product prices among different marketing channels.This study answers two questions： ① the relationship between profit margins of wind farms and concentration ratio of wind-power equipment manufacturing market;② factors important to the form ation of the relationship.The theoretical model reveals a negative relationship between profit margins of wind farms and concentration ratio in upstream market.The negativeness grows stronger while the demand of wind farms for upstream firms becomes more inelastic.The results conclude that the government could offer tax incentives to upstream firms,monitor oligopoly behaviors,and implement the industrial standard to attract new enterprises to enter the manufacturing market.The new entrants to the manufacturing market will lower the market concentration and increase the demand elasticity of wind farms,for particular manufacturing firms.The profit margins of wind farms are thereby increased and healthy development of the whole industry will be more consistent.

关 键 词：垂直产业关系 市场集中度 利润率 政策 

分 类 号：O31[理学—一般力学与力学基础] Q28[理学—力学]