超高产冬小麦氮肥运筹技术的研究  

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Management Technique on Super High-yield of Winter Wheat

作　　者：李德福 李玲玲[2] 

机构地区：[1]安徽省淮南市潘集区贺疃农业技术推广站,安徽淮南232097 [2]北京服装学院材料科学与工程学院,北京100029

出　　处：《天津农业科学》2011年第2期129-132,共4页Tianjin Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2009BADA6B02;2009BADA6B03)

摘　　要：选用多穗型烟农19、中穗型周麦22及大穗型矮早八小麦品种为材料,在高产水平下进行了3种氮肥运筹方式试验。结果表明,在施N240kg·hm-2条件下,前轻中重后补法与前重后轻法、各半法相比在小麦产量形成上具有明显优势与特点,表现出前期干物质积累、高峰苗较低;中后期干物质积累、叶面积指数较高,最终茎蘖成穗率、籽粒产量和籽粒蛋白质含量较高;同时,抽穗前积累在营养器官中的氮素转移率低,对籽粒的贡献率小,单位吸氮量生产力低,但单位施氮量生产力高。前重法与前中各半法的上述效应差异明显。前重中轻法前期与前重法差异不显著,中后期与前中各半法趋于一致。综合表明,前中各半法施肥法是较适合超高产的施肥方法。Using Yannong 19 of multi-spike cultivar,medium-spikes cultivar of Zhoumai 23 and large-spike cultivar of Aizao 8 as the experimental materials,three different nitrogen fertilizer treatments were designed under high yield level.The results showed,under 240 kg·hm-2 condition,lower fertilizer in the early stage and higher in the middle stage and lighter in the later stage has obvious advantages and features in the yield formation compared to the fertilization method of higher in the early stage,lower in the later stage and half fertilizer in the early stage,half in the middle stage style,showing lower dry matter accumulation in the early stage and peak seedlings,while,dry matter accumulation in the middle and later stage and LAI were in the opposite trend.In sum up,the results showed higher rate of tillers per plant,grain yield and protein content of grain.At the same time,the translocation amount of N stored in vegetative organs before heading stage was very lower,and had lower contribution to the grain,lower productivity of unit N uptake,but higher productivity of unit N application.As to these effects,higher fertilizer in the early stage had significant difference with the half fertilizer in the early stage and half in the middle stage.Higher fertilizer in the early stage and lighter in the middle stage had no significant difference with higher fertilizer in the early stage,lower fertilizer in the early stage had the same trend with the half fertilizer in the early stage and half in the middle stage style.All these indicated that,the half fertilizer in the early stage and half in the middle stage fertilization method is more suitable for super high-yield production.

关 键 词：小麦 超高产 氮肥运筹技术 吸收积累 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]