水质变化驱动机制及经济体排污量估算方法  

Driving Mechanism of Water Quality Variation and Estimation Method for Pollutant Discharge Capacity of Economic Entities

作　　者：杜霞[1] 彭文启[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院水环境研究所,北京100038

出　　处：《人民黄河》2011年第4期28-30,150+26,共3页Yellow River

基　　金："十一五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2008BAB42B02)

摘　　要：在水循环过程中,水质受自然和人为两类胁迫,主要受人类经济社会活动的胁迫,经济体排放废污水对水体水质产生的压力表征量主要是污染物排放量和入河量。基于水质变化驱动机制分析,提出了各类经济体排放水污染物量的估算方法,对我国2005年工业和城镇居民生活造成的化学需氧量和氨氮排放量进行了核算。结果表明:城镇居民生活排放的污染物对水环境影响最大;各工业行业污染物排放量差异显著,化学需氧量总排放量位于前3位的是造纸及纸制品业、农副食品加工及食品饮料制造业和化学工业,氨氮排放量位于前2位的是化学工业、农副食品加工及食品饮料制造业。The water quality is intimidated by the nature and man-made,mainly by human social economic activities during the process of hydrologic cycle.The pressure attribute of water quality caused by sewage and pollutant discharge of economic entities mainly is pollutant discharge and quantity into a river.The paper puts forward a method for estimating pollutant discharge of various economic entities and calculates the discharge of chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen discharge caused by industry and urban residents in 2005 based on the analysis of driving mechanism of water quality variation.The outcomes show that a) the influence of pollutant discharged by urban residents to the water environment is the biggest and;b) the difference of pollutant discharged by various sectors of industry is remarkable.The first three industries for total discharge of chemical oxygen demand are paper making and paper products,farm products processing and food and drink producing and chemistry.The first two industries for ammonia nitrogen discharge are chemistry and farm products processing and food and drink producing.

关 键 词：水质 水环境 污染物排放量 经济体 水资源核算 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源] X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程]