北京干湿雷暴过程的地基微波辐射资料对比分析  

Contrastive Analysis of Dry and Moist Thunderstorms in Beijing Using Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer Data

作　　者：王婷婷[1] 王迎春[2] 张文龙[3] 

机构地区：[1]吉林省气象台,长春130062 [2]北京市气象局,北京100089 [3]中国气象局北京城市气象研究所,北京100089

出　　处：《暴雨灾害》2011年第1期11-18,共8页Torrential Rain and Disasters

基　　金：公益性行业(气象)科研专项"京津冀城市群强对流天气短时临近预报关键技术研究"(GYHY200706004)

摘　　要：利用北京城区两部地基微波辐射仪资料,结合自动站、加密探空和雷达等局地非常规观测资料,对北京地区2008年8月14日"湿雷暴"(强降水伴有雷电)和24日"干雷暴"(强雷电伴有弱降水)过程发生前的局地环境大气温湿廓线特征进行对比分析。研究结果表明:1)干湿雷暴发生前大气层结明显不同。湿雷暴探空层结曲线呈"漏斗"型,低层暖湿、高层冷干,有利降水产生;雷暴发生前不稳定能量较高,无对流抑制能,具有较强的热力不稳定。干雷暴探空层结曲线呈"倒V字"型,低层干、中层有浅薄弱逆温,不利于降水产生;对流抑制能较大,对流发展需要有较强抬升力。2)两次过程对流不稳定能量积累和释放方式不同。湿雷暴不稳定能量缓慢积累并逐渐释放,大气层结由不稳定逐渐趋于稳定。干雷暴过程则相反,不稳定能量快速积累并迅速释放,产生强雷电。3)大气中低层水汽密度和液态含水量快速增长对强降水具有一定的指示意义。降水发生前,湿雷暴的湿垂直廓线发生明显变化,从地面到3 km,水汽密度比干雷暴约高4 g·m-3,液态水含量在3～6 km激增。干雷暴则相反,湿垂直廓线无明显变化,各层液态水含量不超过0.1 g·m-3。Using the data from two Ground-Based Microwave Radiometers in Beijing and local unconventional observation data, such as intensive radiosonding data and Doppler-Radar data and so on, a contrastive analysis for features of temperature and humidity profiles of local ambient atmosphere just before the happening of the two storm cases in Beijing have been performed. The two cases are wet-thunderstorm event occurred on 14 August 2008 （simply called as ＂8.14＂ case） and dry-thunderstorm event on 24 August 2008 （simply called as ＂8.24＂ case）. The results indicate the following. 1） There were obvious differences between ＂8.14＂ and ＂8.24＂ cases about unstable atmospheric stratification. For ＂8.14＂ case, atmospheric stratification curve from radiosonde presented a funnel shape, and the warm and humid air in the low level, and dry and cold air in the upper level, which was propitious to the genesis of rain. There were higher unstable energy, stronger thermodynamic instability and no CIN before the thunderstorm occurred. For ＂8.24＂ case, atmospheric stratification curve from radiosonde presented a V-inverse shape, and the dry air in the low level and the thin and week inversion in the middle-level, which wasn＇t propitious to the genesis of rain; the development of convection required the stronger lifting power because the higher CIN. 2） There were different accumulation and release patterns of convective instability energy between ＂8.14＂ and ＂824＂ cases, For ＂8.14＂ case, with the instability energy accumulated slowly and released gradually, the atmospheric stratification presented from instability to stability. For ＂8.24＂ case, with the instability energy accumulated quickly and released rapidly, the thunder and lightning generated successively. 3） The rapid growth of mean water vapor density and atmosphere liquid-water content has a certainly prediction significance for severe precipitation nowcasting. For ＂8.14＂ case, the vapor vertical profile changed remarkably b

关 键 词：地基微波辐射仪 干雷暴 湿雷暴 热力不稳定 垂直廓线 

分 类 号：P413[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]