北方农牧交错带县域典型农业生态系统结构的对比演变  

The Comparison and Evolvement of Agroecosystem Structure in Representative Counties of the Farming-Pastoral Ecotones in North China

作　　者：胡兵辉[1] 廖允成[2] 王克勤[1] 陈奇伯[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学环境科学与工程系,昆明650224 [2]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2011年第2期35-39,43,共6页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：高等学校科技创新工程重大项目培育资金项目(706054);西南林业大学水土保持与荒漠化防治重点学科建设项目

摘　　要：为了能准确地描述农业生态系统结构的合理性,并从时间序列上反映系统产业结构的动态演变特征,立足北方农牧交错带,在近31a的时间尺度上,以偏农区的榆阳区和偏牧区的乌审旗县域典型农业生态系统作为比较研究对象,采用系统组分优势度、系统结构优势度和系统稳定性指数作为研究模型,对两地农业生态系统的产业结构进行了综合分析和评价,显示种植业是偏农区农业生态系统的主导产业,其组分优势度在后期下降较快;林业在两地农业生态系统中的组分优势度均较小;畜牧业是偏农区最具发展潜势的产业,是偏牧区国民经济发展的支柱产业;渔业组分优势度在两地均为最小,基本对系统无贡献;偏农区农业生态系统结构较为优越,而偏牧区农业生态系统稳定性较为突出。结合研究结果,并就种植业、林业、牧业和渔业在北方农牧交错带偏农区和偏牧区的发展提出了建设性意见,以期为当地及北方农牧交错带农业生态系统产业模式优化和农牧业可持续发展提供理论依据和科学借鉴。Based on the characteristic of farming-pastoral ecotones in north China,for exactly describing rationality and showing dynamic evolvement characteristic of agroecosystem industry structure,in near 31 year time scale,Yuyang district,farming-dominant zone,and Wushen,grazing-dominant zone,in farming-pastoral ecotones in north China,are served as contradistinctive study sites,system component priority,system configuration priority and system stability index are applied as study model,then the agroecosystem structures of this two places are analyzed and estimated synthetically.The results show that farming is the main industry in agroecosystem of farming-dominant zone and its component priority always declines,the component priorities of forestry are small in two places,grazing is an industry with powerful potential in farming-dominant zone and an industry with national economy mainstay,the component priorities of fishery is the smallest and it has no contribution to system,the agroecosystem structure is superior in farming-dominant zone,but the agroecosystem stability is more preminent.According to the study result,constructive attitudes towards farming,forestry,grazing and fishery development are brought forward in farming-dominant zone and grazing-dominant zone of farming-pastoral ecotones in north China,it is looking forward to providing academic gist and scientific reference for industry model optimization of agroecosystem and sustainable development of farming and grazing in local place and farming-pastoral ecotones in north China.

关 键 词：产业结构 农业生态系统 北方农牧交错带 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学]