一种基于最小可觉差的安全车距设计模型  

A Safety Distance Design Model Based on Just Noticeable Difference

作　　者：时伟[1,2] 韦艳芳[1,3] 李兴莉[4] 

机构地区：[1]上海大学上海市应用数学和力学研究所,上海200072 [2]梧州学院数理系,广西梧州543002 [3]玉林师范学院物理与信息科学系,广西玉林537000 [4]太原科技大学应用科学学院,太原030024

出　　处：《交通运输系统工程与信息》2011年第2期33-38,共6页Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology

基　　金：国家基础研究计划项目(2006CB705500);国家自然科学基金项目(10532060;10902076;11047003);山西省自然科学基金项目(2010011004)

摘　　要：根据交通流动力学、交通心理学和心理物理学理论,通过引入最小可觉差,深入剖析了驾驶员通过觉察车间距离变化程度来感知前车行驶状态的过程.在此基础上,讨论了跟车行为的两种极端情况,分别得出了跟驰距离的变化范围以及跟驰距离与路面粗糙度、车速和驾驶员反应时间的定量关系.把跟驰距离变化范围的下限视作安全车距控制方程,进一步得到了铺设防滑材料、沥青、雨天、雪天和结冰等不同路面条件下安全车距设计的理论值,并和安全法规定的安全车距进行比较,验证了本文安全间距设计理论的合理性.该方法可为交通安全设计和管理提供一定的理论依据.According to the theories of traffic dynamics,traffic psychology and psychophysics,the process that drivers perceive leading car＇s movement through the distance changes between vehicles is explored,where just noticeable difference is introduced.The extreme cases for car-following behaviors are discussed and the range of the car-following distance and the relationship between the car-following distance and three factors,including the roughness of road surface,the velocity of vehicles and the reaction time of drivers are derived,respectively.Finally,regarding the lower limit of the range of the car-following distance as governing equation for safety distance,we have obtained the optimal values of safety distance under different road conditions,such as roads with anti-skid surface,asphalts pavement,rain,snow and ice.Compared with the safety distance in ＂the Road Traffic Safe Law＂,the rationality of this safety distance design is validated.These conclusions can provide a theoretical basis for the design of traffic safety and management.

关 键 词：智能交通 安全车距设计 最小可觉差 跟驰距离 防滑路面 

分 类 号：U491[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]