现代社会中自耕农持久生命力原因探析  

Researches on the Reasons of Land-holding Peasants' Prosperity In Modern Society

作　　者：张树焕[1] 李传松 

机构地区：[1]北京大学马克思主义学院,北京100871 [2]北京市西城区发改委,北京100035

出　　处：《华南农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2011年第2期130-135,共6页Journal of South China Agricultural University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目(2009JJD790003)

摘　　要：以亚当·斯密、马克思为代表的"小农消亡论"者指出随着农业现代化的推进,自耕农必然被资本主义雇佣农场代替,但当今世界自耕农经营方式仍然占据主导地位,表明斯密和马克思的判断没有成为现实。以恰亚诺夫、舒尔茨为代表的"理性小农论"者指出自耕农比雇佣农场更有效率,能够适应农业现代化的要求,他们的论断与社会现实相符合,但"理性小农"的解释并不能令人信服。农业生产制度的创新、自耕农生产较低的监督成本、农业生产独特的时空特点等因素,是自耕农兴盛的主要原因。What＇s the destiny of the land-holding peasants in the process of modernization is a long-lasting topic.Adam Smith and Karl Marx pointed out that as agricultural development went,land-holding peasants would be replaced by capitalist farons based on employment.However,In modern society,the mode of land-holding peasants still lays the dominant position;so Adam Smith and Karl Marx＇s judgment didn＇t come true.Chayanov and Schultz pointed out that land-holding peasants were more effective than capitalist farms,and could adapt the demands of agricultural development.The statement of Chayanov and Schultz was right to some degree,but their reasons were not persuasive.As a matter of fact,the innovations of production system,the specificity of agriculture production,the supervisory cost play important roles to explain the enduring vitality in modern society.

关 键 词：自耕农 持久生命力 小农消亡论 理性小农论 

分 类 号：F33[经济管理—产业经济]