我国20世纪工业地理学的发展  

Progress of China's Industrial Geography in the 20th Century

作　　者：张雷[1] 陆大道[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《地理学报》1999年第5期391-400,共10页Acta Geographica Sinica

摘　　要：我国工业地理学发轫于 ２０ 世纪初， 在经历了启蒙和成长两个阶段后， 终于成为经济地理学的一个重要分支学科。作为一门实证性学科， 我国工业地理学面临国家工业化转型所带来的巨大挑战。为此， 实现以政府主导布局的传统理论思维向以市场主导布局理论思维的转变、强调空间扩散和空间重组的协调发展和现实布局实践的科学总结将成为我国工业地理学未来发展的三个最重要和最基本的方向和任务。China's industrial geography, born in the early of the 20th century, has a hard struggle to become a very important subject of human geography. During the initial stage before the 1950's, China's industrial geographers paid more attentions to the roles of physical environmental factors on individual manufacturing in terms of the traditional location theories and practices came from the west. Along with a large scale of industrial construction booming throughout the country since the 1950's, China's industrial geography has went into a new stage with a great emphasis on the essential principles of the territorial production complex theories introduced from the formal Soviet Union at first and the Central Place Theory, Behavioral Geography as well as Industrial Organization theories sourced from the west as the following. Despite a huge progress China's industrial geography has made, there are still great challenges on its way towards the 21st century, and it would be, therefore, tackled by the three following efforts: First, in order to speed up the national industrialization and compete with the economic globalization, the traditional concepts formed by the government dominated behaviors in enterprises location for the past should be changed to a new one rested on market dominated economy; Second, considering the declines of old industrial bases and state owned enterprises in the nation's industrial economy, a great attention should be paid to a balanced development between both old developed and newly developing industrial areas through a coordinated spatial reorganization rather than only to industrial diffusion itself in the past 40 years; The last, but not the least, the improvement of location theories in terms of China's practices would become more important due to a quick growing production scale and a more complicated regional pattern of the nation's industry as a whole. This is particularly true when China's economy is going to enter a new era represented by a primary shift from emphasizing on the

关 键 词：中国 工业地理学 工业化发展 工业布局 计划经济 

分 类 号：F429.9[经济管理—产业经济]